2.3

Question 1

SASO

Answer 1

South African Student’s Organisation founded in 1969 and led by first president Steve Biko

Question 2

Black Consciousness

Answer 2

A movement/idea which SASO followed. It followed the belief that black people should lead black people not sympathetic whites and helped create pride for being black against the white domination.

Question 3

Banning of Steve Biko

Answer 3

Biko was banned in 1973 following SASO having gained a large following.

He and other leaders were placed on trial in 1975

Question 4

Teaching of Afrikaans

Answer 4

In 1974 Transvaal decided to expand the teaching of Afrikaans for Africans in school. This was very unpopular as it was seen as the language of the oppressor

Question 5

SASM

Answer 5

South African Student’s Movement founded in 1972 and played a large role in the Soweto Uprising

Question 6

Soweto Uprising

Answer 6

1976 SASM organised protest to Afrikaans teaching. During march policies released dogs and killed some protestors.

In response protestors began to attack anything related to the system killing 2 officials. The government responded in force and an estimated 138 people were killed over the first few days.

A long period of unrest followed and its estimated around 575 people died during the uprising and its aftermath

Question 7

Death of Steve Biko

Answer 7

Having broke his banning order Biko was arrested by police and beaten/interrogated. When close to death he was rushed over 1,000 km to hospital by died in 1977

The police claimed it was hunger strike but people speculated that he was killed by police and it caused much outrage. His funeral was attended by over 10,000 people

Question 8

Sports Boycotts

Answer 8

There were many boycotts and protests against South Africa in sports including a cricket tour of Britain and Ireland in 1970 which faced lots of protests

Question 9

COSAS

Answer 9

Congress of South African Students founded in 1979 to help organise student protests

Question 10

Verligte

Answer 10

Nationalist who were less conservative and understood the need for black workers in cities and some level of reform

Question 11

Verkrampte

Answer 11

Conservative nationalist who followed Bantustans policies and other more hard line apartheid policies

Question 12

Information Scandal

Answer 12

In 1978 there was mishandling and misuse of secret government funds which led a propaganda campaign and helped lead to Vorster standing down and Botha gaining power

Question 13

Constitutional reform

Answer 13

Botha introduced the Tricameral Parliament with him as president in 1983

Question 14

State of Emergency

Answer 14

Declared following Sharpeville in 1960 and in 1985 and allowed Botha to send troops into townships.

Question 15

Total Strategy

Answer 15

Botha’s plan to use reform to appease criticism. Included intervening in surround counties including border war with Namibia

Question 16

Alexandra Revolt

Answer 16

‘Six Day War’ in Alexandra in 1986 when a young activist was killed. Saw great violence from protestors including use of necklacing. Army restored order though unrest continued after.