2.2B - How coastlines are influenced by geology

Question 1

What is the order of rocks from most to least erosive?

Answer 1

Igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
Unconsolidated

Question 2

What is igneous rock made of?

Answer 2

Interlocking crystals which allow for high resistance.

Question 3

What is metamorphic rock made of?

Answer 3

Crystal all orientated in the same direction

Question 4

What is sedimentary rock made of?

Answer 4

Lots of fractures/bedding making them weak

Question 5

What is unconsolidated rock made of?

Answer 5

Loosely packed sediment, no structures, easily eroded.

Question 6

What does Lithology mean?

Answer 6

Geological structure

Question 7

Define Strata

Answer 7

Layers of rock

Question 8

Define bedding planes

Answer 8

Horizontal cracks - natural breaks in strata caused by gaps in periods of rock formation.

Question 9

Define Joints

Answer 9

Vertical cracks - fractures caused either by contraction as sediments dry out, or by Earth movements causing uplifts.

Question 10

Define Folds

Answer 10

structure that is formed by layers or beds of rock being bent or folded due to pressure during tectonic activity

Question 11

Define Faults

Answer 11

Formed when a rock is subjected to pressure or stress exceeds its internal strength, causing it to fracture.
The faults can then slip and move along fault planes.

Question 12

Coastal Morphology Factors

Answer 12

Geological structure: concordant/discordant , Joints, faults, folds

Permeability = More permeable means more erosion

Lithology

Relief= Cliff profiles: seaward/inland dip.