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Digestion System Exam 5 > 224 > Flashcards

224 Flashcards

1
Q

The more technical term for swelling is
gestation
Mastication
Deglutition
Olfaction

A

Deglutition

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2
Q

Chemical digestion of lipids or fats begins in the
stomach
mouth
small intestine
large intestine

A

mouth

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3
Q

The primary purpose of peristalsis is to
break apart chunks of food and mix it in digestive juices
propel food forward along the Gl tract
absorb food
enable swallowing

A

propel food forward along the Gl tract

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4
Q

Which of the following substrates requires an intrinsic factor for absorption?
Sodium
Vitamin B12
Glucose
All of the above

A

Vitamin B12

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5
Q

Which of the following nerves innervates the muscles of mastication?

The chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
The accessory branch glossopharyngeal nerve
The recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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6
Q

All of the following are muscles of mastication. Which of the following muscles is involved in opening or lowering the jaw?

The masseter
The temporalis
The medial pterygoid
The lateral pterygoid

A

The lateral pterygoid

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7
Q

Which of the following statements is most correct for deglutition (swallowing)?

The soft palate is pulled upward
The hyoid bone and the larynx is pulled anteriorly and superiorly
The vocal cords are adducted
All of the above
None of the above

A

All of the above

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8
Q

Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer composed of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium that resists abrasion?
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

A

Esophagus

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9
Q

After leaving the stomach, chyme enters the
esophagus
duodenum
ascending colon
ileum

A

duodenum

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10
Q

Anatomically, the stomach is divided into the all of the following regions EXCEPT the

fundus
pyloric
cardiac
manubrium

A

manubrium

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11
Q

Cholecystokinin

stimulate the release of gastrin
initiate the constriction of the sphincter of Odi
inhibit gallbladder contraction
all of the above
none of the above

A

none of the above

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12
Q

All of the following functions are associated with the liver EXCEPT
bile synthesis
storage for glucose
synthesis of albumin
lipid digestion and absorption

A

lipid digestion and absorption

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13
Q

Which of the following acts as a lubricant allowing food to pass through the alimentary canal?

Pepsin
Bile
Pancreatic juice
Mucous

A

Mucous

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14
Q

All of the following statements are correct for the pancreas EXCEPT
it is an endocrine gland
it is an exocrine gland
involved in glucose homeostasis
all of the above
none of the above

A

none of the above

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15
Q

All of the following statements are correct for the digestive system EXCEPT
colorectal cancer results from a high protein, high fat, low fiber diet
the most common cause for pancreatitis in the US is excessive alcohol consumption
lactose intolerance is more common in Asian than Caucasian
all of the above
none of the above

A

none of the above

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is most correct for the gallbladder?
It stores bile
It is the site for bile synthesizes
It is stimulated by secretin
It is involved in fat digestion in the stomach

A

It stores bile

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17
Q

The digestive system processes food into __________ that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells.

enzymes
packages
fluids
molecules

A

molecules

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18
Q

Bile is synthesized and secreted by the
parietal cells
stomach
hepatic cells
gallbladder

A

hepatic cells

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19
Q

All of the following statements are correct for the digestive system EXCEPT
the stomach functions in mechanical and chemical digestion
the small intestine functions in nutrient digestion and absorption
the large intestine functions include water and electrolytes absorption
all of the above
none of the above

A

none of the above

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20
Q

Which of the following statements is correct for gastric secretion?
the cephalic phase involves the sight, sounds, or thought of food
the gastric phase is initiated when food enters the stomach
the intestinal phase is initiated when food enters the duodenum
all of the above

A

all of the above

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21
Q

Which of the following substances lubricates and protects the epithelium?
O Mucous
O Water
O Enzymes
O Hormones

A

Mucous

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22
Q

The outer most layer of the esophagus is the
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

A

serosa

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23
Q

Which of the following digestive enzymes is contained in saliva?
Pepsin
Trypsin
Amylase
Maltase

A

Amylase

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24
Q

The region of the stomach closest (adjacent) to the esophagus and the gastroesophageal sphincter is the
pyloric region
antrum
cardiac region
fundus

A

cardiac region

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25
Q

Which of the following cells in the stomach produces pepsinogen?
G-cells
Parietal cells
Peptic (chief) cells
Enterochromaffin cells

A

Peptic (chief) cells

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26
Q

The primary site for nutrients absorption occurs in the
stomach
esophagus
small intestine
large intestine

A

small intestine

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27
Q

After leaving the stomach, chyme enters the
O esophagus
O duodenum
O ascending colon
O ileum

A

duodenum

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28
Q

Which phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food?
Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal
Enterogastric

A

Cephalic

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29
Q

The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity are
O alpha, beta, gamma
O parotid, sublingual, submandibular
O anterior cervical, sublingual, palatopharyngus
O gastric, parietal, chief

A

parotid, sublingual, submandibular

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30
Q

Contractions that mix material in the small intestine are called

peristalsis
deglutition.
mass movements
segmental contractions.

A

segmental contractions.

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31
Q

The secretions that lubricate the food so it moves easily through the digestive tract and also protects the epithelium are called
mucus.
water.
enzymes.
hormones.

A

mucus

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32
Q

The epithelium of the mouth, oropharynx, esophagus and anal canal is
simple squamous.
stratified squamous.
simple columnar.
pseudostratified columnar.

A

stratified squamous

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33
Q

The stomach, small intestine and large intestine are lined by
simple squamous
stratified squamous
simple columnar
pseudostratified columnar

A

simple columnar

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34
Q

Stimulation of the parasympathetic neurons in the Gl tract will cause
inhibition of local secretions.
inaibition oflocal secretions.
inhibition of peristalsis.
stimulation of local secretions.
stimulation of peristalsis

A

stimulation of local secretions.

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35
Q

If you suck on a plain piece of bread, it will begin to taste sweet after a few moments. Saliva contains the digestive enzyme _______ breaks down ________

amylase; glucose
pepsin; proteins
amylase, starch
maltase, triglycerides

A

amylase, starch

36
Q

Which one of the following cells in the gastric glands produce pepsinogen?

endocrine cells
endocrine cells.
mucous neck cells
chief cells
parietal cells

A

chief cells

37
Q

The pancreas and liver release their secretions into the
stomach.
ileum.
duodenum.
jejunum.

A

duodenum

38
Q

Trypsinogen when activated by ______ will break down proteins in the ______

enterokinase; pancreatic ducts
trypsin; small intestine
secretin; pancreatic ducts
enterokinase; small intestine

A

enterokinase; small intestine

39
Q

Stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system will cause the ______ anal sphincter to ______

external: relax
external; contract
internal; contract
internal; relax

A

internal; relax

40
Q

The muscular contractions, which move material through the digestive tract, are called
peristalsis.
deglutition.
mass movements.
segmental contractions.

A

peristalsis

41
Q

Starch is broken down to its disaccharide, maltose, by the enzyme
O lipase.
O maltase.
O lactase.
O amylase.

A

amylase

42
Q

The majority of lipase is produced by the

salivary glands.
stomach.
pancreas.
small intestine.

A

pancreas

43
Q

Once absorbed into the epithelial cell of the small intestine, free fatty acids and glycerol are recombined and a protein coat is added to form a
chylomicron.
micelle.
lipoprotein.
fatty droplet.

A

chylomicron

44
Q

Calcium is actively absorbed by the small intestine and this is accelerated by

sodium.
the intrinsic factor.
Vitamin D.
Vitamin K.

A

Vitamin D.

45
Q

The most nutrient absorption takes place in the

duodenum and jejunum.
stomach and duodenum.
jejunum and ileum.
esophagus and stomach.
Ileum and cecum.

A

duodenum and jejunum.

46
Q

Which of the following substrates requires an intrinsic factor for absorption?
Sodium
Vitamin B12
Glucose
All of the above

A

Vitamin B12

47
Q

All of the following are muscles of mastication. Which of the following muscles is involved in opening or lowering the jaw?
The masseter
The temporalis
The medial pterygoid
The lateral pterygoid

A

The lateral pterygoid

48
Q

After leaving the stomach, chyme enters the

esophagus
duodenum
ascending colon
ileum

A

duodenum

49
Q

Bile is synthesized and secreted by the

parietal cells
stomach
hepatic cells
gallbladder

A

hepatic cells

50
Q

The primary purpose of peristalsis is to

break apart chunks of food and mix it in digestive juices
propel food forward along the Gl tract
absorb food
enable swallowing

A

propel food forward along the Gl tract

51
Q

The process which propels materials through the digestive tract is termed

peristalsis
Deglutation
Mass movement
Segmentation

A

peristalsis

52
Q

Which of the following substrates is absorbed in the digestive tract

A
53
Q

Which of the following substances lubricates and protects the epithelium?
Correct!
Mucous
Water
Enzymes
Hormones

A

Mucous

54
Q

Which of the following substrates is absorbed in the digestive tract without being digested?
Starch
Proteins
Vitamins
Lipids

A

Vitamins

55
Q

The typical epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx, esophagus and anal canal is
simple squamous
stratified squamous
simple columnar
simple cuboidal

A

stratified squamous

56
Q

_____is synthesized in the stomach and is important for ______ absorption.
Gastrin/HCI
Intrinsic factor/vitamin B12
Secretin/fat
Pepsinogen/carbohydrate

A

Intrinsic factor/vitamin B12

57
Q

The painful and burning sensation in the chest usually associated with acid reflux into the esophagus is termed
peptic ulcer
heart burn
angina
duodenal ulcer

A

heart burn

58
Q

Chyme entering the duodenum will most likely results in
the release of gastric inhibitory peptide, cholecystokinin, which inhibits gastrin secretion
more gastrin secretion
relaxation of the gallbladder
an increased in gastric motility

A

the release of gastric inhibitory peptide, cholecystokinin, which inhibits gastrin secretion

59
Q

The small intestine contains fingerlike projections called ____ whose function is to____
villi/secret mucous
villi/increase surface area
rugae/increase surface area and allow for expansion
Crypts of Lieberkuhn/produce mucous/digestive enzymes/hormones

A

villi/increase surface area

60
Q

An 18 year-old Asian male presents to his primary care doctor complaining of stomach pain, bloating, discomfort, and diarrhea after eating dairy
products. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Diabetes mellitus type I
Lactose intolerance
Heartburn
Appendicitis
Cholecystitis

A

Lactose intolerance

61
Q

Secretions from the liver and pancreas enter the

duodenum
stomach
jejunum
none of the above

A

duodenum

62
Q

Releasing cholecystokinin will most likely result in
ct!
gallbladder contraction
relaxation of the sphincter of Odie (hepatopancreatic sphincter)
inhibiting gastrin secretion
All of the above

A

ALl of the above

63
Q

Which of the following statements is most correct for bile?
Synthesized and secreted by the liver
Stored and concentrated in the gallbladder
In general, green in color
All of the above

A

All of the above

64
Q

All of the following substances are stored by the liver EXCEPT
copper and iron
calcium
vitamins
glycogen

A

calcium

65
Q

Bile secretion is stimulated by ____ in response to_____
cholecystokinin/lipids in the chyme
secretin/high pH of the chime
gastrin/lipids
cephalic phase of gastric motility

A

cholecystokinin/lipids in the chyme

66
Q

Pancreatic islets produce
digestive enzymes
enterokinase
ct!
insulin/glucagons/somatostatin
mucous

A

insulin/glucagons/somatostatin

67
Q

The union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic forms the
main pancreatic duct or the duct of Wirsung
common bile duct
duct of Santorini
ductus venosum

A

common bile duct

68
Q

Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin in the presence of .
and is involved in
digestion.
HCO3 /lipids
H2S/proteins
HCI/carbohydrates
HCI/proteins

A

HCI/proteins

69
Q

Lipids are emulsified by .
and digested by
lingual lipase/pancreatic lipase
amylase/bile salts
bile salts/lipase
pancreatic lipase/bile

A

bile salts/lipase

70
Q

A 48 year-old female presents to her doctor complaining of foul, greasy, and smelly stools for the past 4 weeks. The physical exam was remarkable for
a thin woman. Laboratory tests confirmed your suspicion for pancreatic cancer. Which of the following enzymes is most likely deficient?
Maltase
Lactase
Bile salt
Lipase

A

Lipase

71
Q

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are digested primarily in the
stomach
oral cavity
colon
brush border of the small intestine

A

brush border of the small intestine

72
Q

The primary site for nutrients absorption occurs in the
stomach
esophagus
small intestine
large intestine

A

small intestine

73
Q

All of the following are functions of the liver EXCEPT
biotransformation of molecule (inter-conversion)
synthesis of lipases and carbohydrases
storage of glycogen
synthesis and secretion of bile

A

synthesis of lipases and carbohydrases

74
Q

All of the following enzymes are directly or indirectly involved in protein digestion EXCEPT
chymotrypsin
trypsin
pepsin
enterokinase
amylase

A

amylase

75
Q

All of the following are functions associated with the large intestine EXCEPT
vitamin K production
sodium and water absorption
mucous production
fatty acids absorption

A

fatty acids absorption

76
Q

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT
A
© B
D
O E
O K

A

B

77
Q

Under aerobic condition, one mole of glucose will yield how many mole of ATP?
© Two (2)
Twenty-four (24)
Thirty-eight(38)
Sixty-four (64)

A

Thirty-eight(38)

78
Q

Which of the following comparison is NOT correct?
Bolus - food mixed with saliva in the mouth
Chyme - food mixed with gastric secretions leaving the stomach
Gastric juice - secretions from intestinal glands
Feces - nondigestible remains, bile, and bacteria
Peristalsis - rhythmic contractions to propel food along the digestive tract

A

Gastric juice - secretions from intestinal glands

79
Q

Which of the following hormones will increase gastric motility and gastric secretion?

GIP
Gastrin
Secretin
CCK
VIP

A

Gastrin

80
Q

The process of breaking apart or dispersal of lipids into smaller droplets is termed
hydrolysis
deamination
synthesis
emulsification

A

emulsification

81
Q

Which of the following is most correct for defecation?
1/1r
rect!
It is under sympathetic control
Chemoreceptors signal the brain to initiate peristalsis
© Evacuation of feces is possible with the relaxation of the internal and external sphincters
© Intra-abdominal pressure is low during defecation

A

Evacuation of feces is possible with the relaxation of the internal and external sphincters

82
Q

The final product of carbohydrates digestion is a
disaccharides
monosaccharide
polysaccharides
fatty acids

A

monosaccharide

83
Q

In the stomach, hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the following cells?
Chief cells
Parietal cells
G-cells
K-cells

A

Parietal cells

84
Q

The preferred energy fuel of the body is
fructose
glucose
O amino acids
fatty acids
vitamin

A

glucose

85
Q

Which phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food?
rect!
Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal
Enterogastric

A

Cephalic

86
Q

Chylomicrons are formed for the transport of
carbohydrates
proteins
rats
water soluble vitamins

A

Fats

Digestion System Exam 5 (2 decks)

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