224 Flashcards
The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the
trachea
pharynx
bronchiole
laryngeal folds
Trachea
The site of gas exchange with the lungs are the
bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli
terminal sacs
Alveoli
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive system is the
larvnx
glottis
vestibule
pharynx
carina
Pharynx
Type II pneumocytes secrete a detergent-like substance which helps maintain surface tension is
lecithin
bile
surtacrant
all of the above
none or the above
None of the above
Within the alveoli, phagocytosis is the function of the
type I pneumocytes
type Il pneumocytes
dust cells
Clara cells
dust cells
Olfactory receptors are located on the
floor of the pharynx
roof of the nasopharynx
roof of the oral cavity
roof of the nasal cavity
roof of the nasal cavity
The Eustachian tubes open into the
nasal cavity
nasopharynx
inner ear
fauces
nasopharynx
Which of the following statements is most correct for the trachea?
The trachea is lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The trachea has “C” shaped cartilages that form its anterior surface
The trachea bifurcates to form the bronchioles
The trachea collapses when not in used
The trachea has “C” shaped cartilages that form its anterior surface
All of the following functions are associated with the nasal cavity EXCEPT
Filtering the air
warming the air and humidifying the air
acts as a reservoir during coughing
resonating chamber in speech
acts as a reservoir during coughing
Which of the following statement is most correct?
The thyroid cartilage is also known as the Adam’s apple
The trachea is also known as the windpipe
The hilus is a region where the bronchi and blood vessels enter the lungs
All of the above
None of the above
All of the above
All of the following statements are incorrect for the conducting zone EXCEPT
Structurally, it is comprised of alveolar ducts and alveoli
the respiratory tree is lined with pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
it is primary involved in perfusion
it is involved in the movement of gas between the blood and the tissue
the respiratory tree is lined with pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
The lungs are enclosed by the
diaphragm
sternum
pleural membranes
none of the above
pleural membranes
The volume of air moved in and out with each breath is called the
vital capacity
tidal volume
residual volume
dead space
none of the above
tidal volume
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful exhalation is called the
vital capacity
tidal volume
residual volume
dead space
none of the above
residual volume
Contraction of the diaphragm
increases the thoracic volume
decreases the thoracic volume
decreases the lung volume
expiration occurs
increases the thoracic volume
Alveolar ventilation refers to the
movement of air into and out of the lungs
movement of air into and out of the alveoli
movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood
movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli
movement of air into and out of the alveoli
Which of the following conditions will decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
decreased pH
decreased temperature
decreased pH.
decreased 2,3 DPG
decreased H*
decreased pH
The trachea are lined by what epithelium.
stratified squamous
simple squamous
simple cuboidal
pseudostratified columnar ciliated
pseudostratified columnar ciliated
Which of the following statements is most correct for inspiration?
The diaphragm and rib muscles contract
Intrapulmonary pressure decreases
The lungs expand and air rushes inward
All of the above
All of the above
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is governed by
gravity
blood pressure
partial pressure of the individual gases
active transport
partial pressure of the individual gases
Contraction of the diaphragm
decreases alveolar pressure
decreases the thoracic volume
decreases the lung volume
decreases compliance
decreases alveolar pressure
The majority of carbon dioxide carried from the tissues to the lungs in the bloodstream is transported as
carboxyhemoglobin
bicarbonate
dissolved CO2
carbonic acid
bicarbonate
Damage to the primary respiratory center which is located in the will result in cessation of breathing.
alveoli
medulla oblongata
pleural center
diaphragmatic center
medulla oblongata
Hyperventilation will- most likely results in
hypercapnia
hypocapnia
Eucapnia
none of the above
hypocapnia
Which of the following statement is correct for oxygen transport?
Most is dissolved in solution
Most is bound to plasma protein
Most is bound to heme
None of the above
Most is bound to heme
Cyanosis (bluish or purplish tinge to the skin) secondary to pulmonary edema results from
decreased pulmonary ventilation
increased alveolar perfusion
decreased alveolar perfusion
increased intrapulmonary pressure
decreased alveolar perfusion
The primary, i.e., most common, epithelium of the alveoli is
Type I pneumocyte, simple cuboidal type
Type I pneumocyte, surfactant producing type
Type I pneumocyte, dust cell type
Type I pneumocyte, simple squamous type
Type I pneumocyte, simple squamous type
On expiration,pressure in the thoracic cavity causes air to leave the lungs.
increased
decreased
vacuum
hydraulic
increased
According to Boyle’s law, the relationship between volume and pressure is
directly proportional
inversely proportional
proportional
Only A & C are correct
inversely proportional
Arterial blood entering the tissues has a PO2 = 100 mm Hg and a PCO2 = 40 mm Hg. Venous blood leaving the tissues has a PO2 = and a PCO2 =_ mm Hg.
One-hundred; forty-five (100, 45)
Forty-five; forty (45, 40)
Forty; forty-five (40, 45)
Twenty; forty-six (20, 46)
One-hundred; forty (100, 40)
Forty; forty-five (40, 45)
In a normal inspiration, the amount of air that is actually available for gas exchange is about
One-hundred and fifty (150)
Three-hundred and fifty (350)
Five-hundred (500)
Six-hundred and fifty (650)
350
Which region of the pharynx is located posterior to the oral cavity and superior to the larynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
None of the above
Oropharynx
speaking, all of the following structures are not lined with simple squamous EXCEPT the
nasopharynx
oropharynx
primary bronchi
alveoli
alveoli
The partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood is approximately
forty (40) mmHg
fifty (50) mmHg
seventy (70) mmHg
one hundred (100) mmHg
40 mmHg
Which of the following events will most likely results in a pneumothorax?
Fluid enters the alveolus
The lung collapses
Air enters the alveolus
Air enters the intrapleural space
Air enters the intrapleural space
If there is an accumulation of acidic products in the plasma, one would expect
an increase in respiration rate
A decrease in respiration rate.
no influence on respiration rate
an increase in residual volume.
apnea.
an increase in respiration rate
Functions of the lung include
gas exchange
acid-base balance
hormone conversion
all of the above
All of the above
Atelectasis (collapse of the lung) in prevented by
high surface tension of alveolar fluid
high surface tension of the pleural fluid
high pressure in the pleural cavities
none of the above
high surface tension of the pleural fluid
All of the following are accessory muscles of respiration EXCEPT the
external intercostals
sternocleidomastoid
rectus abdominus
diaphragm
diaphragm
All of the following are components of the upper respiratory tract EXCEPT the
auditory tube
laryngopharynx
nares
trachea
trachea
All of the following structures are involved in conducting air EXCEPT
primary bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
trachea
alveoli
Dust cells are
alveolar macrophages
Type I pneumocytes
type Il pneumocytes
surfactant producing pneumocytes
alveolar macrophages
Eupnea is
Rapid, shallow breathing
Rapid, deep breathing
Slow, shallow breathing
Slow, deep breathing
Normal breathing
Normal breathing