2.2.3 - 2.2.4 Notes

Question 1

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

Answer 1

computer network

Question 2

A physical artifact that can run a program. Some examples include computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors.

Answer 2

computing device

Question 3

The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.

Answer 3

bandwidth

Question 4

A sequence of directly connected computing devices that begins at the sender and ends at the receiver.

Answer 4

network path

Question 5

A network, developed under the direction of the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), that interconnected four university computers. It became the basis for the internet.

Answer 5

ARPANET

Question 6

A system of linked pages, programs, and files. also known as “the web,” is an information system of documents and other online resources that are interlinked by hypertext links. These resources reside and are exchanged on the internet, as it uses the Internet

Answer 6

world wide web

Question 7

Small units of data transmitted on a network. Collected together, they compose some larger data, such as a document, a website, a movie, etc.

Answer 7

packets

Question 8

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of a system.

Answer 8

protocol

Question 9

the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

Answer 9

HTTP - hypertext transfer protocol

Question 10

the protocol used when sending and receiving files between a client and a server.

Answer 10

FTP - file transfer protocol

Question 11

the protocol used in sending and receiving email content

Answer 11

SMTP - simple mail transfer protocol

Question 12

what are the layer of abstraction on a network

Answer 12

Physical–> Network–>Transport–>Application

Question 13

The body of a packet (as opposed to its header).

Answer 13

payload

Question 14

A person who is responsible for managing computers, networks, servers, and other computing resources for an organization or group.

Answer 14

system administrator

Question 15

A physical component on a computer or device that provides connectivity to a network.

Answer 15

NIC (network interface card)

Question 16

The inclusion of extra components that can be used to mitigate failure of a system if other components fail. Many of the resources or components serve identical purposes.

Answer 16

redundancies

Question 17

A system designed to work when components fail.

Answer 17

fault-tolerant

Question 18

The capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands.

Answer 18

scalability

Question 19

Data storage built into a hardware component or computer system to improve speeds by providing memory closer to the point of use.

Answer 19

cache

Question 20

Measure of delay in communication between two devices over a network.

Answer 20

latency

Question 21

Storing information using fewer bytes.

Answer 21

compression

Question 22

Describes a method of compression in which original data can be completely recovered from the compressed data, without any loss of content.

Answer 22

lossless

Question 23

Describes a method of compression in which data is lost in a way that cannot be recovered from the compressed data.

Answer 23

lossy

Question 24

To extract the original content from compressed data.

Answer 24

uncompress

Question 25

Information about data, such as when, how, or by whom the data were collected, or what software was used to manipulate the data. In essence, it is data about data.

For example, the piece of data may be an image, while the metadata may include the date of creation or the file size of the image.

Answer 25

metadata

Question 26

The extent to which a copy is identical to the original.

Answer 26

fidelity

Question 27

Separate, independent tasks within a job.

Answer 27

threads

Question 28

Using two or more central processing units (CPU) simultaneously.

Answer 28

parallel processing

Question 29

Processing that occurs in the order that it is received, as opposed to parallel processing and multitasking.

Answer 29

sequential processing

Question 30

An estimation of the amount of computational resources used by an algorithm.

it is typically expressed as a function of the size of the input and describes how quickly an algorithm executes.

Answer 30

efficiency

Question 31

A subfield of computer science that attempts to solve problems by using the ability of many humans to solve small subproblems and then using computers to combine those solutions into some meaningful results.

Answer 31

crowdsourcing

Question 32

A form of legal protection that applies to original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression. Copyright exists in the U.S. to protect authors and their property.

Answer 32

copyright

Question 33

media access control address is a unique numeric code that is assigned to networking hardware components, it is built into computers/mobile devices

Answer 33

MAC address

Question 34

authoritative DNS server

Answer 34

server that publishes DNS for a given domain and its subdomains

Question 35

A global computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (nonproprietary) communication protocols. It relies on TCP/IP for communication between devices.

Answer 35

internet

Question 36

solution or a system that has the potential to accomodate growth in its user demand

Answer 36

scalable