2.1.1 - 2.1.2 Notes

Question 1

the unauthorized access or retrieval of confidential or protected data

Answer 1

data breach

Question 2

a wireless access point that give unauthorized access to secure networks

Answer 2

rogue access point

Question 3

science and art of delivering a message securely and confidentially

Answer 3

cryptography

Question 4

a cipher in which each letter in an alphabet is replaced with a different character or symbol

Answer 4

substitution cipher

Question 5

a string of characters used as a parameter that determines the output of an encryption algorithm

Answer 5

key

Question 6

an encryption method where the sender and receiver share a private key to use the encryption algorithm

Answer 6

private key encryption

Question 7

also called shared key encryption, a process in which a single key is used in both the encryption and decryption algorithm to encode/decode data

Answer 7

symmetric key

Question 8

a method of paired key encryption in which the key used to encrypt data is made available to anybody and its corresponding decryption key is secret

Answer 8

public key encryption

Question 9

two keys that are related in such a way that one can be used to encrypt data, which can then only be decoded by the other key

Answer 9

paired keys

Question 10

also called public key encryption, an encryption method that uses two keys: a public and private one, belong to one owner

Answer 10

asymmetric encryption

Question 11

an example of public key encryption developed by Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman, the founders of RSA, an American computer/network security company

Answer 11

RSA algorithm

Question 12

digital document used to verify the authenticity of a server or public key

Answer 12

SSl certificate

Question 13

confirm you identity using knowledge only known to you

Answer 13

authenticates

Question 14

information about individuals that can be used to trace a person’s identity

Answer 14

PII (Personally Identifiable Information)

Question 15

small text-based bits of information about your browser that a web server saves

Answer 15

cookies

Question 16

practice of sending fraudulent emails that appear to be from legitimate companies with the intention of sharing sensitive information (password, credit card info, etc.)

Answer 16

phishing

Question 17

software intended to damage a computing system or to take partial control over its operation

Answer 17

malware

Question 18

the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords/confidential information

Answer 18

keylogger

Question 19

the process of encoding data to prevent unauthorized access, such as converting plain text or cipher text

Answer 19

encryption

Question 20

the process of decoding data, the reverse of the encryption process

Answer 20

decrypt

Question 21

method for determining a solution to a problem by sequentially testing all solutions

Answer 21

brute force

Question 22

A business or organization that issues a digital certificate verifying that a given public key is owned by the entity named on the certificate.

Answer 22

certificate authority

Question 23

A person who is responsible for managing computers, networks, servers, and other computing resources for an organization or group.

Answer 23

system administrator

Question 24

to give permission

Answer 24

authorization

Question 25

method of computer access control in which a user is only granted access after successfully presenting several separate pieces of evidence to an authentication mechanism, typically in at least two of the following categories: knowledge (something they know); possession (something they have), and inference (something they are).

Answer 25

multi-factor authentication

Question 26

A program that provides visual navigation with menus and screen icons, and performs automated functions when users click command buttons.

Answer 26

graphical user interface (GUI)

Question 27

A way programmers share their code with other programmers. In object-oriented libraries, an API specifies the methods of each class.

Answer 27

Application Programming Interface (API)

Question 28

chunks of code that have been designed to be added easily to a user’s website or profile page

Standard component of GUI

Answer 28

widgets

Question 29

A mistake in the algorithm or program that causes it to behave incorrectly, unexpectedly, or with undesirable results. The code compiles and runs but causes problems elsewhere, for example, giving incorrect information or mismanaging data.

Answer 29

logic errors

Question 30

Precise rules defining how the letters, words, and punctuation of a programming language are required to be used together.

Answer 30

syntax

Question 31

A mistake in the program that occurs during the execution of a program. Programming languages define their own run-time errors.

Answer 31

runtime error

Question 32

A designated stopping place in your code. Using a debugger, it lets you examine the state of the program and its variables.

Answer 32

breakpoint