222 ovary and fallopian masses

Question 1

What are the major types of functional ovarian cysts and their associations?

Answer 1

follicular cysts (no ovulation)

corpus luteum cysts (post ovulation)

theca-lutein cysts (pregnancy associated)

multiple cysts (PCOS)

Question 2

What are the major histologic subtypes of epithelial neoplasms/tumors?

Answer 2

serous

mucinous

endometrioid

Question 3

What is the most common benign ovarian neoplasm?

Answer 3

cystic teratoma

Question 4

What factors increase risk of malignant ovarian epithelial cancer?

Answer 4

increased # of ovulatory cycles (ex. late menopause, early menarche, nulliparity, infertility)

inclusion cysts

peritoneal metaplasia

Question 5

What are the early symptoms of ovarian malignancy?

Answer 5

bloating, indigestion, pelvic/abdominal pain, tiredness, fatigue, menstrual irregularities

Question 6

What are the symptoms of advanced ovarian malignancy?

Answer 6

abdominal distention, severe pain, early satiety, urinary symptoms, constipation, SOB

Question 7

What is the surgical treatment for ovarian cancers?

Answer 7

surgical staging (with lymph node dissection and peritoneal biopsies)

surgical debulking (remove as much tumor as possible with clean margins)

Question 8

What is the chemotherapeutic treatment of ovarian cancer?

Answer 8

taxan (paclitaxel) and platinum (carboplatin)

Question 9

Where are the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes located?

Answer 9

BRCA1 = chromosome 17 (same is p53)

BRCA2 = chromosome 13 (same as Rb)

Question 10

What cancers are associated with BRCA mutations?

Answer 10

ovarian/fallopian tube, breast, and pancreatic cancers