202, 203 STIs Flashcards
Why are women (esp. young women) more susceptible to the acquisition of HIV than men through heterosexual intercourse?
there is disproportionate exposure to more body fluids over a greater surface area for a longer period of time
young women are also more likely to have an ectropion, which may increase exposure of target cells
How do STIs act synergistically to influence acquisition?
genital tract inflammation from syphilis, BV, chlamydia, or gonorrhea that causes recruitment of inflammatory cells which increase the likelihood of acquiring HIV if it is present
List the long term consequences of gonorrhea on women’s reproductive health.
PID - can lead to chronic pelvic pain, tubo-ovarian abscess, tubal occlusive disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy
List the effective prevention strategies for interrupting the sexual transmission of syphilis.
use of condoms to prevent the spread of syphilis from infected partners to uninfected partners, screening high risk individuals, screen and treat other STIs to reduce susceptibility
Which one of the following maternal and neonatal outcomes is NOT increased by maternal infection with chlamydia?
a) ectopic pregnancy
b) spontaneous abortion
c) chronic pelvic pain
d) infertility
e) neonatal pneumonitis
b) spontaneous abortion
What modern techniques are used to prevent HIV transmission?
microbicides, PreP, diagnosis and early treatment, male circumscision
What STIs can be passed to fetuses?
syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV
Rank HPV, HIV, and chlamydia in order of most to least new cases per year.
HPV > chlamydia > HIV
List three major causes of urethritis in males
chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV
List three major causes of epididymitis
chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, urinary tract pathogens
What are major causes of cervicitis/cystitis/urethritis/vaginitis
chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrheae, HSV, trichomonas vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella, etc.)
What are major causes of PID?
neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, vaginal flora
What are the risk factors for PID?
IUD, vaginal douching, past history of PID
What are the symptoms of PID?
mucopurulent vaginal discharge followed by midline abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding
later leads to bilateral lower abdominal and pelvic pain with nausea and vomiting
can sometimes leads to inflammation of the liver capsule (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis)
What is the newborn disease associated with gonorrhea?
gonococcal ophthalmia after contact with birth canal
What is the pathogenecity factor of chlamydia trachomatis?
type III secretion system
What are the laboratory tests for syphilis?
VDRL, RPR, dark field microscopy
What is the shape of trichomonas vaginalis?
pear-shaped protozoa with flagella and motility
What are the symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis infection?
malodorous yellow-green vaginal discharge, vulvar itching, dysuria, frequent urination, dyspareunia
What is the treatment for trichomonas vaginalis?
oral metronidazole or tinidazole for both sexxual partners
What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?
malodorous white discharge, irritation, itching
can lead to PID or premature labor
What are the symptoms of haemophilus ducreyi?
painful genital chancroid with tender inguinal adenopathy
What are the high risk subtypes of HPV?
16, 18, 31, 33
You treat a patient for chlamydia urethritis with a seven-day course of doxycycline. Three weeks later, the patient returns with a chlamydial infection. What are several possible explanations?
noncompliance with medicine, re-infection by a sexual partner
resistance is highly unlikely
All of the following may cause lesions on the genitalia EXCEPT:
a) HSV
b) treponema pallidum
c) haemophilus ducreyi
d) neisseria gonorrhoeae
e) HPV
d) neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which of the following is a parasite that causes vaginitis?
a) gardnerella vaginella
b) HSV
c) trichomonas vaginalis
d) candida albicans
e) treponema pallidum
c) trichomonas vaginalis
