2.2.2 Economic Transformation: Collectivisation + 5YPs

Question 1

collectivisation definition

Answer 1

requisition + merging of small privately owned farms into large collective farms

Question 2

kolkhoz definition

Answer 2

collective farms, farmers share farms, labour + wages

Question 3

sovkhoz definition

Answer 3

state farms, peasants work directly for state

Question 4

1928-1930 % farms collectivised

Answer 4

60%

Question 5

grain production increase 1928-1938

Answer 5

increase of 2 million tonnes

Question 6

general population attitudes towards collect

Answer 6

not popular - chaotically managed + enforced –> many killed livestock instead of surrendering to state

Question 7

overall collectivisation outcome

Answer 7

social failure (famine, rural-urban migration)
socialist success (requisitioning necessary for socialism –> communism

Question 8

1930 collectivisation

Answer 8

halted - only 25% peasants remained on collective farms by 1930

Question 9

collectivisation redux

Answer 9

1941 - >90% of all soviet agriculture collectivised, making use of technological advancements

Question 10

characterisation of overall collectivisation (Q)

Answer 10

“dismal failure”

Orlando Figes

Question 11

industrialisation social impacts

Answer 11

• urbanisation (supporting labour force)
• poor working conditions –> unreasonable work quotas (stakhanov legend)

Question 12

1928-1938 oil gas and steel production

Answer 12

more than doubled

Question 13

Robert Service grievous damage

Answer 13

“no major state has inflicted such grievous economic damage upon itself in peacetime”

Robert Service

Question 14

5YP purposes

Answer 14

varied, but overall to “make good this distance” between USSR + advanced nations in as little time possible

Question 15

End of NEP

Answer 15

mid 1929

Question 16

1st 5YP

Answer 16

1928-1932, introduces collectivised farming, successful, completed in 4 years but could be inflated by official soviet sources - unreasonable goals e.g. 180% increase in industrial production

Question 17

2nd 5YP

Answer 17

1933-1937
* heavy industry priority
* reconstruct trans-sib railway, canals
* not as successful as 1st

Question 18

3rd 5YP

Answer 18

1938-1941
* not successful - WWII got in the way –> 1/3 all state resources dedicated to defence