1.1.2 Brest-Litovsk, Civil War, NEP Flashcards
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk overall impact (EcIdPs)
ended WWI involvement = Economic costs, Internal divisions, public support
Lenin’s mantra about BL
‘yield space, gain time’ –> economic necessity + pragmatic - deliver on promises
when BL signed?
March 3 1918
Trotsky’s mantra about BL
‘neither peace nor war’ - don’t sustain war effort but don’t funnel heaps of resources into armistice = delays
LOST from BL
- 1/3 agricultural land
- 80% coal mines
- Ukraine, Finland, Poland (amongst others) gained independence
- 6 billion marks reparations
Civil War times
mid-1918 - 1922
War Communism -what is it (NCAFM)
- Nationalise industries- banks, major factories + mines
- Cracked down on productivity
Prodrazverstka (forced food requisitioning) - Armed squads travelling into agricultural regions to take food to feed Red Army + urban workers
- Famine, 3-10 deaths
- Military-like state
Overall Civil War Impacts
Sets precedent for military rule
- Creation of CHEKA, structures facilitating repression + control
Conflict of ideology + practicality to continue
- Morale dip → 7-12m deaths from 1917-1922, War Communism
*Sets political climate: Trotsky respected leader of Red Army
When is NEP unveiled
10th party congress, March 1921
What can we call NEP in relation to upholding (or not) bolshevik ideology
pragmatic deviation for long-term survival of the revolution
Workers’ wages 1921-1924
doubled
NEP = production @ what % of pre-WWI levels by 1924
75% (which is actually pretty good considering they were at 1/3 of pre-WWI production levels in 1921)
Overall mantra of NEP
government keeps “commanding heights” of the economy whilst legalising local economic exchange
NEP implemented: (not time)
- grain tax (tax-in-kind - paid w/ grain instead of money if you want)
- can keep income surplus
- lowering taxes compared to wartime
- rise of kulaks + NEPmen
- foreign trade w/ capitalist countries
