2.2.1 Programming Techniques(uncomplete)

Question 1

Name 3 programming constructs

Answer 1

-sequence
-selection
-iteration

Question 2

which two categories of loop is iteration split into

Answer 2

-count controlled loop
-condition controlled loop

Question 3

describe how the branching programming construct work

Answer 3

A certain block of code is run if a specific condition is met, using IF statements

Question 4

what is recursion

Answer 4

a programming construct in which a subroutine calls on itself during its execution until the stopping condition is met

Question 5

what is the base case in recursion

Answer 5

A condition that must be met in order for the recursion to end

Question 6

state two advantages of recursion

Answer 6

• can be represented in fewer lines of code
  -Easier to express some functions recursively than using iteration

Question 7

state a disadvantage of recursion

Answer 7

-inefficient use of memory

-danger of stack overflow from it calling itself repeatedly which would cause the call stack to run out of memory this would cause the program to crash

-difficult to trace

Question 8

give two pieces of information that are stored on the call stack

Answer 8

-parameters
-return addresses
-local variables

Question 9

define scope

Answer 9

the section of the program in which a variable is accessible

Question 10

give two advantages of using local variables over global variables

Answer 10

-less memory is used
-self contained so unaffected by code outside of the subroutine
- take procedure over global variables with the same name

Question 11

what is top down design

Answer 11

A technique used to modularize programs in which the problem is continually broken down into sub problems, until each can be represented as an individual, self-contained module which can preforms a certain tasks

Question 12

state two advantages of a modular design

Answer 12

-makes a problem easier to understand and approach
-simpler to divide tasks between a team
-easier to manage project
-self contained modules simplify testing and maintenance
-greater reusability

Question 13

what is the difference between procedures and functions

Answer 13

Functions must always return a value while a procedure does not always have to return a value

Question 14

what does it mean to pass a parameter to a subroutine by reference

Answer 14

the address in memory of the parameter is passed to the subroutine so its value outside of the subroutine will be updated

Question 15

state 2 features of an IDE

Answer 15

-stepping
-variable watch
-breakpoint
-source code editors
-debugging tools

Question 16

what does IDE stand for

Answer 16

integrated development environment

Question 17

What is a local variable

Answer 17

Local variables have limited scope which means that they can only be accessed within the subroutine in which they were defined.
Therefore, multiple local variables with the same name can exist in different subroutines.

Question 18

Advantage to local variables

Answer 18

Using local variables is considered to be good programming practice because it ensures subroutines are self-contained, with no danger of variables being affected by code outside of the
suoroutine.

Question 19

What is a global variable

Answer 19

Global variables, on the other hand, can be accessed across the whole program.
These are useful for values that need to be used by multiple parts of the program

Question 20

Disadvantage to global variables

Answer 20

using global variables is not recommended because they can be unintentionally overwritten. As global variables are not deleted until the program terminates, they require more memory than local variables which are deleted once the subroutine has been completed.

Question 21

Modular programming

Answer 21

Modular programming is a technique used to split large, complex programs into smaller, self-contained modules. A modular design also makes it easier to divide tasks between a team and manage projects, whilst simplifying the process of testing and maintenance, as each component can be dealt with individually. This improves the reusability of components, as once a module has been tested, it can be reused
with contidence

Question 22

What is a parmeter

Answer 22

A parameter is a variable used in a subroutine to receive input data from the calling code

Question 23

Stepping IDE

Answer 23

This allows you to monitor the effect of each individual line of code by executing a single line at a time

Question 24

Variable watch IDE

Answer 24

This allows users to observe how the contents of a variable change in real-time

Question 25

Breakpoint IDE

Answer 25

IDEs allow users to set a point in the program at which the program will stop

Question 26

Source code editor IDE

Answer 26

The editor provides features such as autocompletion of words, indentation, syntax highlighting and automatic bracket completion.

Question 27

Debugging tools IDE

Answer 27

Some IDEs also provide run-time detection of errors with a guide as to where in the code they are likely to have occurred.