2.2.1

Question 1

Shells are made up of?

Answer 1

sub-shells.

Question 2

sub-shells are made up of?

Answer 2

orbitals.

Question 3

What sub shells do each shell contain?

Answer 3

First-S
Second-S, P
Third-S,P,D
Fourth-S,P,D,F

Question 4

What is the definition of an orbital?

Answer 4

A region of space around the nucleus which can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins.

Question 5

How many s orbitals can fit in a s sub shell?
How many electrons can a s sub shell hold?
What is the shape of a s orbital?

Answer 5

1,
2,
spherical shape.

Question 6

How many p orbitals can fit in a p sub shell?
How many electrons can a p sub shell hold?
What is the shape of a s orbital?

Answer 6

3,
6,
lobe/dumbbell shape.

Question 7

How many d orbitals can fit in a d sub shell?

How many electrons can a d sub shell hold?

Answer 7

5,

10.

Question 8

How many d orbitals can fit in a f sub shell?

How many electrons can a f sub shell hold?

Answer 8

7,

14

Question 9

State the number of electrons each shell can hold in total and the sub shells present in each shell?

Answer 9

First Shell-1s(2 electrons) 2 max
Second Shell-2s(2 electrons),2p(6 electrons) 8 max
Third Shell-3s(2 electrons), 3p(6 electrons), 3d(10 electrons) max 18
Fourth Shell-4s(2 electrons),4p(6 electrons),4d(10 electrons),4f(14 electrons) max 32.

Question 10

Orbitals of the same type are grouped and called ______?

Answer 10

sub shells.

Question 11

What order do orbitals fill in?

Answer 11

Order of increasing energy,

lower energy orbitals are filled first.

Question 12

Electron pair with?

Answer 12

Electrons with opposite spins.

Question 13

Filling order of sub shells?

Answer 13

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p.

Question 14

How many electrons can a orbital hold?

Answer 14

2 max.

Question 15

What is used to represent electrons in box diagrams?

Why must electrons within a orbital have opposite spins?

Answer 15

Arrows with opposite directions,

electrons are negative so repel each other, opposite spins counteract the repulsion.

Question 16

What is Hunds rule?

What is the bus analogy?

Answer 16

Within a sub-level, place one electron per orbital before pairing them,
people fill an empty pair of seats before sitting with someone else.

Question 17

Should electron configuration be shown in filling order or in order of shells?

Answer 17

In the order of the shells,

eg. even though 4s fills before 3d you write 3d first.

Question 18

How does electron configuration of ions differ?

Answer 18

Electrons are added/removed to the electron configuration.