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220-1101 Hardware 3.1 Flashcards

Learn basic cable types and their connectors, features and purposes.

1
Q

Computers measure storage and data transfer rates in terms of what?

A

bits

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2
Q

What is a bit?

A

The term bit refers to binary digit. A single “bit” can store one of two values: 1 or 0. And is display using a lowercase “b”.

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3
Q

What is Nibble?

A

A Nibble is 4 bits.

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4
Q

What is a Byte?

A

A byte is 8 bits. Is displayed using an uppercase “B”.

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5
Q

What is a Kilobit?

A

1000 bits(1Kb), 1Kbps(1Kilobit per second).

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6
Q

What is Mega?

A

Meaning 1,000,000(1 million) so you can have 1Mb(1 Megabit) or 1MB(1 Megabyte).

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7
Q

What is a Giga?

A

Meaning 1,000,000,000(1 billion) so you can have 1Gb(1 Gigabit) or 1GB( 1 Gigabyte)

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8
Q

What is a Tera?

A

Meaning 1,000,000,000,000(1 trillion) so you can have 1Tb(1 Terabit) or 1TB(1 Terabyte).

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9
Q

What does USB stand for?

A

Universal Serial Bus.

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10
Q

What is a Host Controller?

A

Uses the same amount of bandwidth for all devices in a port.

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11
Q

Long Cable vs Short Cable

A

Longer cables have higher changes of resistance and speed and signal deterioration. A short cable will give maximum performance.

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12
Q

USB types

A

Type A, C, B,

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13
Q

USB Type A

A

Most commonly used on desktop and laptops. Came from the old USB 1.0, 1.1, 2.0. And is still supported in 3 and above. Flat Rectangular Connector.

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14
Q

USB Type C

A

The more modern style of connector and is a lot easier to use. Came out with USB 3 and beyond. More like an oval shape and can be inserted in any direction.

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15
Q

USB Type B

A

Seen now with older devices using 2.0. Found on larger devices like printers. A square shape port with corners rounded on the type.

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16
Q

Which USB supports 480bps?

A

USB 2.0

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17
Q

USB Type B sizes

A

Type B connector, Type B mini connector, Type B micro connector, and USB 3 Type B Micro Super Speed.

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18
Q

USB Type B Mini

A

Looks more like a trapezoid with a longer base and shorter top and ten goes up at an angle on the sides. Found on early tablets and smartphones mainly replaced by Type C

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19
Q

USB Type B micro

A

Connector is shorter and skinnier than both Type B and Type B mini. Mainly seen on small devices like wearables.

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20
Q

USB 3 Type B Micro Super Speed

A

Almost looks like a figure eight shape. Mainly seen on the back of portable storage devices.

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21
Q

What does HDMI stand for?

A

High Definition Multimedia Interface.

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22
Q

What is HDCP or HDMI Digital Content Proction?

A

HDCP allows a device to validate the connection.

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23
Q

HDMI Types

A

Type A(Full-size connector), Type C(Mini Connector), and Type D(Micro Connector).

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24
Q

HDMI Categories

A

Two Categories of HDMI. Category 1 or Standard supports 1080p and 60 hertz. And category 2 and category 2.1 or High Speed has greater length of distance and higher resolution, supports 18Gbps and Ultra-high speed of 48Gbps used for data transfer.

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25
DisplayPort(DP)
Is the competitor to HDMI. Has the same capabilities as HDMI. And can support high speed data transfer up to 20Gbps.
26
Display Port Form Factors
Full Size DisplayPort or Standard. And Mini DisplayPort (MDP or MiniDP)
27
What is DVI?
Digital Visual Interface(DVI). Was designed to support both analog and digital outputs. Is older tech that came out in the 1990's.
28
DVI Cable Types?
DVI-A(Analog only supports analog), DVI-D(Only supports digital signals), DVI-I(Supports both Analog and digital because of how the cable pinout was made)
29
What is VGA?
Video Graphics Array(VGA). VGA is a "D" shaped connector with only 15 pins. Is older tech, not commonly seen or used unless using older or legacy systems.
30
What is the Thunderbolt cable?
Is a display interface like HDMI and DisplayPort, but can do data transfer which is what it is mainly used for.
31
Thunderbolt Types
Thunderbolt 1 & 2( a physical connector that looks like mini DisplayPort). And Thunderbolt 3(Changed the physical interface to use the port connector as USB-C). Thunderbolt 4(supports up to 40Gbps, but is only 2 feet long)
32
Lightening Cable
A specific proprietary connector created by Apple for mobile devices. Like USB are fully reversible.
33
What is SATA?
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment(SATA). Standard method of connection for a storage device to a motherboard inside a desktop computer. Originally designed to be just an internal connection.
34
SATA Cable Types
SATA 7-pin data cable, and SATA 15-pin power connector.
35
SATA 7-pin versions
SATA 1(Supports speeds up to 150Mbps). SATA 2(Supports speeds of up to 3000Mbps). SATA 3(Supports speeds of up to 6000Mbps, not all hard drives are not that fast)
36
What is eSATA?
External SATA. Cable outside of the case, made to be used on the outside for external hard drives because of the high SATA speeds. Supports speed of 480 Mbps.
37
Types of eSATA?
eSATA 2 has speeds of 3Gbps. eSATA 3 has speeds of 6Gbps.
38
What is IDE stand for?
Integrated Drive Electronics. Also known as PATA, was common back in the 90's and early 2000's before SATA.
39
What does PATA stand for?
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment(PATA). Uses IDE cables and connectors and standards but is differentiated from SATA. Looks like a gray tape of flat ribbon cable that has 40 pins.
40
What is a MOLEX connector?
A 4-pin connector attached directly from the power supply to a device.
41
What is SCSI stand for?
Small Computer Systems Interface(SCSI). Legacy parallel bus connector that allows multiple devices to be daisy chained together. Does operate very slowly in comparison to SATA. Maximum speed was 320Mbps.
42
SCSI Types
Narrow SCSI(supports up to 7 devices). Wide SCSI(Supports up to 15 devices.
43
SCSI Cable Types
High Density Cable(68pins). Single Connector Attachment(SCA has 80 pins)
44
Types of Twisted Pair Cable
Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)
45
What is UTP?
Unshielded Twisted Pair. The twisted pair cabling that doesn't use any metal in the shielding, and is cheaper and easier to use. For local area networks.
46
What is STP?
Shielded Pair. The twisted pair with a metal foil and braided metallic shield wrapping inside the cable sheath. Expensive.
47
The two types of twisted pair connectors
RJ45, and RJ11
48
RJ45
type of twisted pair connector. Commonly used and seen.
49
RJ11
type of twisted pair connector. Six pin connector, you see for phone systems like a landline jack.
50
Registered Jack(RJ)
carries data that specifies the standards a device needs to connect to a phone or data network.
51
What is bandwidth
The theoretical measure of how much data could be transferred from a source to its destination.
52
What is Throughput
The actual measure of how much data is successfully transferred from a source to its destination.
53
Categories of Cabling
Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat8
54
Cat6a, and Cat7 can different from other Cat Cables how?
Is 10 G based T networks and can operate up to a maximum of 100 meters at a speed of 10 gigabits per second.
55
Ethernet Standard
A designation given to a particular category that provides the ability to understand the bandwidth and the cable type to be used.
56
Straight-Through Cable(Patch Cable)
Also known as Patch Cable. Contains the exact same pinouts on both ends of the cable. Patch Cable: DTE to DCE DCE to DTE
57
568B Standard
Used when wiring jacks inside buildings
58
Crossover Cable
Swaps the send and receive pins on the other end of the cable when the connector and its pinout are created. Crossover Cable: DTE to DTE DCE to DCE
59
What is MDIX
Medium Dependent Interface Crossover(MDIX): An automated way to electronically simulate using a crossover cable.
60
Types of cables for physical construction
Direct Burial, Plenum, Non-Plenum.
61
Direct Burial cable
A cable with a stronger sheathing and jacket that can withstand weather conditions, can go directly into ground and be covered with dirt and concrete, cement.
62
Plenum Cable
A special coating put on a UTP and STP cables that provides fire-retardant chemical layer to the other insulating jacket. Used for ceilings, walls, raised floor, and air ducts.
63
Fiber Optic Cable
Uses light from an LED or laser to transmit information through a thin glass fiber. Very expensive.
64
Fiber Optic Cable Categories
Single Mode(SMF), and Multimode(MMF).
65
Single Mode(SMF) Fiber Optic Cable
Used for longer distances and has smaller core size of 8.3-10 microns in diameter because it forces the light to travel along a single path. More expensive, yellow sheath.
66
Multimode(MMF) Fiber Optic Cable
Used for shorter distances and has larger core size at 50-100 microns. Allows light to start bouncing around and refracting.
67
Fiber Optic Cable Connector Types
Subscriber(SC), Straight Tip(ST), Lucent(LC), Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack(MTRJ) connector(s).
68
Subscriber Fiber Optic Connector(SC)
More commonly known as the square connector. Not expensive, easy to install. Stick and Click.
69
Straight Tip Fiber Optic Connector(ST)
One of the oldest fiber connectors. Has both a transmit and receive cable. Low cost, easy to use. Stick and Twist.
70
Lucent Fiber Optic Connector(LC)
Newer and smaller version of an SC connector. Transmit and receive connectors are side by side. Love Connector.
71
Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack(MTRJ)
Very popular and widely used with networking devices because of its small from factor.
72
Coaxial Cable(Coax)
One of the oldest categories of copper media that is still used in networking today.
73
Coaxial Cable Parts
Center Core, Insulator, Metallic Shield, Braided Metal Shielding, Plastic jacket.
74
Coaxial Cable Types
RG-6, RG-59
75
Coaxial Cable Connectors
F-Type, Bayonet Neill-Concelman(BNC) or British Naval Connector, and Twinaxial Cable.
76
F-Type Coaxial Cable
The more common connector
77
Bayonet Neill-Concelman(BNC)
Also known as the British Naval Connector. Older connector. Doesn't have to completely screwed on like F-type.
78
Twinaxial Coaxial Cable
Similar to coaxial cable but uses two inner conductors to carry the data instead of just one.

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