2.2 What's inside bacteria? Flashcards
Name the organelles/molecules within the bacterial cytoplasm
DNA nucleoid Chromosome-packaging proteins Enzymes involved in synthesis of DNA, RNA Regulatory factors Ribosomes Plasmid(s) Enzymes involved in breaking down substrates Inclusion bodies Gas vesicles Magnetosomes Cytoskeletal structures
The nucleoid is composed of _______________ and its function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- DNA, RNA, Protein
- Genetic information storage and gene expression
Choromosome packaging is composed of _______________ and its function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- Protein
- Protection and compaction of genomic DNA
Enzymes involved in synthesis of DNA, RNA are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- Protein
- Replication of the genome, transcription
Regulatory factors are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- Protein, RNA
- Control of replication, transcription, and translation
Ribosomes are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- RNA, Protein
- Translation (protein synthesis)
Plasmids are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- DNA
- Variable, encode non-chromosomal genes for a variety of functions
Enzymes involved in breaking down substrates are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- Proteins
- Energy production, providing anabolic precursors
Inclusion bodies are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- Various polymers
- Storage of carbon, phosphate, nitrogen, sulfur
Gas vesicles are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- Protein
- Buoyancy
Magnetosomes are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- Protein, Lipid, Iron
- Orienting cell during movement
Cytoskeleatal structures are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.
- Protein
- Guiding cell wall synthesis, cell division, and possibly partitioning of chromosomes during replication
What are the 3 mechanisms that allow DNA to be compressed in bacteria?
- Use of cations (Mg2+, K+, Na+) to shield negative charges on sugar-phosphate (PO4–) backbone
- Small, positively charged proteins bind to the chromosome to maintain condensed structure
- Topoisomerases modify structure of DNA to enable “supercoiling”
The nucleoid is the ________ (smallest/largest) region in the bacterial cel. ____ (A/No) membrane surrounds the nucleoid
- Largest
- No
What are inclusion bodies?
accumulations of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous storage compounds