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BIO240 > 2.2 What's inside bacteria? > Flashcards

2.2 What's inside bacteria? Flashcards

1
Q

Name the organelles/molecules within the bacterial cytoplasm

A 
DNA nucleoid
Chromosome-packaging proteins
Enzymes involved in synthesis of DNA, RNA
Regulatory factors
Ribosomes
Plasmid(s)
Enzymes involved in breaking down substrates
Inclusion bodies
Gas vesicles
Magnetosomes
Cytoskeletal structures
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2
Q

The nucleoid is composed of _______________ and its function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • DNA, RNA, Protein

- Genetic information storage and gene expression

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3
Q

Choromosome packaging is composed of _______________ and its function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • Protein

- Protection and compaction of genomic DNA

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4
Q

Enzymes involved in synthesis of DNA, RNA are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • Protein

- Replication of the genome, transcription

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5
Q

Regulatory factors are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • Protein, RNA

- Control of replication, transcription, and translation

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6
Q

Ribosomes are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • RNA, Protein

- Translation (protein synthesis)

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7
Q

Plasmids are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • DNA

- Variable, encode non-chromosomal genes for a variety of functions

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8
Q

Enzymes involved in breaking down substrates are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • Proteins

- Energy production, providing anabolic precursors

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9
Q

Inclusion bodies are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • Various polymers

- Storage of carbon, phosphate, nitrogen, sulfur

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10
Q

Gas vesicles are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • Protein

- Buoyancy

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11
Q

Magnetosomes are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • Protein, Lipid, Iron

- Orienting cell during movement

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12
Q

Cytoskeleatal structures are composed of _______________ and their function is ___________ within the bacterial cytoplasm.

A
  • Protein

- Guiding cell wall synthesis, cell division, and possibly partitioning of chromosomes during replication

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13
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms that allow DNA to be compressed in bacteria?

A
  • Use of cations (Mg2+, K+, Na+) to shield negative charges on sugar-phosphate (PO4–) backbone
  • Small, positively charged proteins bind to the chromosome to maintain condensed structure
  • Topoisomerases modify structure of DNA to enable “supercoiling”
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14
Q

The nucleoid is the ________ (smallest/largest) region in the bacterial cel. ____ (A/No) membrane surrounds the nucleoid

A
  • Largest

- No

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15
Q

What are inclusion bodies?

A

accumulations of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous storage compounds

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16
Q

What are sulfur globules?

A
  • inclusion bodies for storing sulfur for energy

elemental sulfur can be used as source of electrons

17
Q

What is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and what do bacteria use it for?

A
  • inclusion body
  • carbon storage compund
  • bacteria form them when there’s more carbon around than they can immediately use.
18
Q

What are gas vesicles?

A
  • microcompartment

- used for buoyanccy control in aquatic environments

19
Q

Gas vesicles are impermeable to the ________ within the cytoplasm, but not to the ________ that accumulate within them.

A
  • impermeable to the aqueous solution

- permeable to the gases accumulating in cytoplasm

20
Q

What are carboxysomes?

A

location of carbon fixation reactions (using RuBisCO enzyme)

21
Q

The RuBisCO enzyme takes ________ and turns it into _________ during the dark reactions of ___________

A

The RuBisCO enzyme takes carbon dioxide and turns it into organic carbon during the dark reactions of photosynthesis.

22
Q

What are magnetosomes?

A
  • Associated w direction finding

- Chains of magnetite found within certain bacteria

23
Q

Where might magnetosomes be useful for bacteria?

A
  • in an aquatic environment
  • can allow bacteria to orient itself downwards and find sediment. can be ideal for bacteria desiring low oxygen conditions
24
Q

True or false: ribosomes are associated with the DNA.

True: Transcription and translation are co-localized in bacteria

True: Ribosomes and DNA can always be found together in any cell

False: Ribosomes and DNA are never found together in bacterial cells

False: Ribosomes are always localized to the membrane and not to DNA

A

True: Transcription and translation are co-localized in bacteria

Ribosomes and DNA are found together in bacterial cells!

25
Q

Specific region in bacterial and archaeal cells that contains the chromosomal DNA:

A

Nucleoid

26
Q

What is the intracellular compartment that contains key enzymes involved in the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic matter during photosynthesis?

A

Carboxysome

27
Q

What are the 3 microcompartments found in bacteria?

A
  • gas vesicles
  • carboxysomes
  • magnetosomes
28
Q

Why is the MreB protein important?

A
  • Determines shape of bacterial cell.
29
Q

Without MreB, bacteria could only be _______

A

spherical/ coccoid

30
Q

What is the purpose if the FtsZ protein?

A

forms a ring for cell division in bacteria

31
Q

If a cell does not have the FtsZ protein, the cell becomes _________ and does not form a ___________

A
  • elongated

- division plane

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function associated with the cytoskeleton of bacteria?

Plays a role in cell division

Plays a role in maintaining cell shape

Plays a role in segregating bacterial chromosomes during cell division

Plays a role in the division of the cytoplasm into distinct compartments

A

Plays a role in the division of the cytoplasm into distinct compartments

33
Q

What is the role of ParM?

A

ParM helps separate newly replicated chromosomes.

BIO240 (6 decks)

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