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BIO240 > 2.1 Characteristics of Bacteria > Flashcards

2.1 Characteristics of Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What are two common examples of spherical bacteria?

A

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

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2
Q

Spherical-shaped cells have a _______ shape. Each one of the spheres is a ________; the plural is _______.

A
  • coccoid
  • s -> coccus
  • pl -> cocci
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3
Q

A common example of a rod-shaped bacterium is __________ .

A

Escherichia coli

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4
Q

A rod-shaped organism is sometimes referred to as a ________, or _______ when talking about multiple

A
  • s -> bacillus

- pl -> bacilli

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5
Q

The singular for a comma-shaped cell is _______ and the plural is __________.

A
  • s -> vibrio

- pl -> vibrios

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6
Q

What are the three most common shapes of bacteria?

A

cocci, rod-shaped, comma-shaped

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7
Q

spiral-shaped bacteria tend to be found in __________ environments

A

aquatic

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8
Q

T/F: Spiral-shaped bacterial rotate to move forward and backward

A

True. They move like corkscrews.

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9
Q

organisms which you can’t identify as havinf one definite shape are referred to as ___________, which means ______ ________

A
  • pleiomorphic

- multiple shapes

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10
Q

The five different bacterial shapes are the terms that you’d use to describe bacterial ______________.

A

morphologies

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11
Q

Staphylococcus aureus has which shape?

rod
spiral
spherical
curved rod
pleiomorphic
A

spherical

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12
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus has which shape?

rod
spiral
spherical
curved rod
pleiomorphic
A

curved rod

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13
Q

What is a bacterial cell that is roughly cylindrical; also called a bacillus?

rod
pleiomorphic
vibrio
spiral
cocci
A

rod

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14
Q

Cell shape or morphology is generally not a good predictor of ________, ________, or _________.

A
  • physiology
  • ecology
  • phylogeny
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15
Q

Which shape allows for gliding motility?

A

Longer rod shapes or cell filaments allow for gliding motility.

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16
Q

What is gliding motility an indication of and why might organisms need it?

A
  • organism may inhabit a microbial mat or biofilm.

- organisms need it to optimize access to resources

17
Q

Cyanobacteria use _______ motility to optimize their access to ___________ .

A

Cyanobacteria use gliding motility to optimize their access to sunlight.

18
Q

What are Hyphae?

A
  • Rod-shaped bacteria growing in branching filaments of cells
19
Q

How do we refer to a clump/tuft of hyphae?

A

Mycelia

20
Q

What are Trichomes?

A

Smooth, unbranched chains of cells

21
Q

What type of locomotion is used by some bacteria to move across a surface?

hyphae
gliding motility
corkscrewing
mycelia
trichomes
A

Gliding motility is used by some filamentous bacteria to move along a surface.

22
Q

What term is used to describe irregularly branching filaments found in most fungi and some bacteria?

hyphae
gliding motility
corkscrewing
mycelia
trichomes
A

Hyphae. This term refers to branched filaments.

23
Q

Which of the following is the term for smooth unbranched filaments of cells, as seen for some types of cyanobacteria?

hyphae
gliding motility
corkscrewing
mycelia
trichomes
A

Trichomes. This term refers to smooth unbranched filaments of cells.

24
Q

Bacterial width range is: _____ to ______ microns

Bacterial length range is: _____ to ______ microns

A

width: 0.5 - 4 microns
length: 1 - 15 microns

25
Q

most bacteria are ________ than most eukaryotic cells.

smaller/larger

A

smaller

26
Q

Prokaryotic cells are typically _____ μm to ____ μm in diameter

A

0.2 μm - 700 μm

27
Q

What is the minimum size of bacteria due to?

A

minimum space requirements for genome, proteins, and ribosomes.

28
Q

Eukaryotic cells range from ____ μm to >___ μm

A

10 μm to >200 μm

29
Q

What is the typical size range of bacteria compared to eukarya? Choose the best answer.

A. Bacteria are usually larger than eukarya

B. Although most bacteria are smaller than eukarya, some bacteria are larger

C. Bacteria and eukarya are typically about the same size

A

B. Although most bacteria are smaller than eukarya, some bacteria are larger

30
Q

What were the two “giant” bacteria discussed and what size do they reach?

A
  • Thiomargarita namibiensis (T. namibiensis)
  • Epulopiscium fishelsoni (E. fishelsoni)
  • reach close to mm in length
31
Q

What is the advantage of being a small bacterium and having a higher surface-to-volume ratio?

A
  • Greater rate of nutrient/waste exchange per unit volume
  • Supports higher metabolic rate
  • supports faster growth rate, faster evolution
32
Q

How would a giant bacteria like Epulopiscium fishelsoni survive with such a low surface-to-volume ratio?

A

It must be very well fed in its environment.

This organism would do poorly outside its host.

33
Q

in rod shaped cells, a ________ diameter will increase the efficiency of nutrient transfer.

A

small

34
Q

Which of the following bacterium has the highest surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio?

large sphere
short small-diameter rod
long small-diameter rod
either short or long small-diameter rod
need a calculator...
A

short small-diameter rod

BIO240 (6 decks)

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