2.2 - The Cell Membrane Flashcards
The ______ maintains ______ or balance inside the cell. It is sometimes referred to as the ______. It consists of a phospholipid (phosphorus and lipids are the 2 layers) bilayer with proteins imbedded in it.
Cell membrane
Equilibrium
Plasma membrane
The ______, each phospholipid molecule has a head that is ______ (water-loving) and two tails that are ______ (water-fearing)
Phospholipid bilayer
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
The ______ is the transport of gases, nutrients, and wastes into and out of the cell are essential for the cell’s survival
Fluid mosaic model
______is the means by which the cell maintains a constant environment. It distinguishes living organisms from non-living (biotic and abiotic)
Homeostasis
The Particle Model of Matter part 1:
All Matter is made up of ______ but the particles in different substances may be different in ______ and ______
Particles
Size
Composition
The Particle Model of Matter part 2:
The particles of matter are constantly ______ or ______ ; particles move least in solids and most in gases. Adding or taking away energy will affect the movement of particles
Moving
Vibrating
The Particle Model of Matter part 3:
The particles of matter are ______ to one another or ______ together
Attracted
Bonded
The Particle Model of Matter part 4:
Particles have ______ between them that are smallest in solids, except for ice, and greatest in gases. The spaces may be occupied by particles of other substances.
Spaces
With ______ transport, no energy is required
Passive
______ is the natural flow of particles from an area of high to low concentration. The end result is a state of ______ where the particles maintain a balanced distribution. The rate of it can be increased by adding ______ and increasing molecular movement.
Diffusion
Equilibrium
Energy
The ______ of water or solutes can occur across a cell membrane if there is a difference between the concentrations inside and outside of the cell.
Diffusion
The ______ is the passive movement of particles by the process of diffusion from an area of high concentration to low.
Concentration gradient
With the ______, no energy is added to the system
Concentration gradient
The cell membrane is ______ and also ______
Selectively permeable
Semi-permeable
The cell membrane is ______ which means it allows certain particles to pass through it but not all
Selectively permeable
The cell membrane is ______ therefore the passage of particles through the membrane is dependent of size, charge and solubility
Semi-permeable
______ is the diffusion of water along the concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to low
Osmosis
______ is the state of a solution in respect to osmotic pressure
Tonicity
Hypotonic solution
Less solute in solution, more solute in cell, water moves into cell
Hypertonic solution
More solute in solution, less solute in cell, water moves out of cell
Isotonic solution
Balanced solute amount, water does not move
Hypertonic cell
More solute in cell, less in solution, water moves into cell
Hypotonic cell
Less solute in cell, more solute in solution, water moves out of cell
Isotonic cell
Balanced amount of solute, water does not move
When the cell is hypertonic to the solution is will appear ______ and when the cell is hypotonic to the solution it will appear ______
Bloated
Shrunken
______ (or transport) is another form of passive transport. It is used for molecules that are too ______ to cross the membrane by diffusion (ex: glucose)
Facilitated diffusion
Large
______ provide water filled pores for charged ions to pass through
Channel proteins
______ bind to larger molecules and change their shape so molecules can diffuse through
Carrier proteins
______ are extremely diverse in terms of structure, position, and function
Membrane proteins
______ transport is when energy MUST be added to the system in order for a molecule to be transported.
Active
With ______ transport, particles move AGAINST the concentration gradient (from an area of already low concentration to high)
Active
______ transport uses specialized transport proteins and protein pumps
Active
Why spend energy on ______ transport? It maintains internal cell environments (ex: filtering blood in your kidneys)
Active
______ and ______ are for substances the cells needs to take in or expel that are too large for regular passive or active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Two types of endocytosis: ______ and ______
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
______ is solid transport: the cell “eats” large particles or other cells
Phagocytosis
______ is liquid transport: the cell “drinks” the particles
Pinocytosis
Both endocytosis and exocytosis involve ______ transport
Active
⭐️⭐️ (you got this wrong on the test)
All cells need a cell membrane, BUT not all cells need a ______
Nucleus (gahhhhhh)
