2.1 - Cell Structure Flashcards
In a ______ system, matter and energy are exchanged with the environment
Open
A ______ is the basic unit of all life
Cell
A ______ has many parts that work together for a particular ______
Cell
Goal
A ______ maintains the life processes within specialized structures called ______
Cell
Organelles
Each ______ has its own function:
- intake of nutrients
- movement
- growth
- response to stimuli
- exchange of gases
- waste removal
- reproduction
Organelle
A ______ must work constantly to maintain a fine balance among the different life processes in order to be efficient and conserve ______
Cell
Energy
The cell is like a ______. The ______ provides direction while the ______ is where the work is done.
Factory
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
The ______ (plasma) is the “doorman/bouncer”. It is the protective ______ for the cell. It allows transport of needed materials into the cell and waste materials out.
Cell membrane
Barrier
______ are small membrane sacs pinched off of the cell membrane. It stores or transports materials in and out of the cell.
Vesicles
The ______ is “where the action happens”. It is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane that contains the nutrients required to carry out the cell functions. Organelles are suspended in it.
Cytoplasm
The ______ is “the brain”. It is the organelle that controls the functions of the cell and it directs cellular activities. It contains genetic material (DNA or chromosomes)
Nucleus
Together, the cytoplasm and the nucleus are called the ______
Protoplasm
The ______ is the region to the nucleus where ribosomes are produced
Nucleolus
The ______ is the “big factory complex” and it is a series of interconnected small tubes that branch from the nuclear envelope. It transports materials. It can be rough or ______.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth
______ ER is when ribosomes are attached to the ER and is associated with with protein ______ (making of protein)
Rough
Synthesis
______ ER is associated with fat and oil production, there are NO RIBOSOMES
Smooth
______ are part of the “small factory” and they are small granules that are the sites where amino acids are assembled into ______ (protein synthesis). May be attached to the ______ or free-floating in the ______
Ribosomes
Protein
ER
Cytoplasm
______ are “recycling stations”, they are membrane bound sacs in which digestion occurs. Used in ______ against invading pathogens, ______ of damaged organelles, controlled digestion of certain certain tissues during development and they ______ any material the cell can use
Lysosomes
Defence
Destruction
Salvage
The ______ is the “packaging plant”. They are flat disk shaped sacs involved in ______. They receive substances (ribosomes, amino acids, protein, oils and fats) from the ER and packages them for transport out of the cell (______). ______ are produced here
Golgi apparatus
Secretion
Exocytosis
Lysosomes
The ______ is the “powerhouse” of the cell. This is a rod-like structure where reactions occur to convert chemical energy in ______ into ______ the cell can use (cellular respiration). ______ + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide + H2O + ______.
Mitochondria Sugars Energy Sugar Energy ⚡️
The ______ provides energy for muscle contractions, molecule synthesis, and transportation of molecules (active transport). It has ______ membranes a smooth outer and folded inner (reason: folded to be more efficient). The inner membrane have cristae (finger-like projections).
Mitochondria
2
The ______ produces Adenosine TriPhosphate = ATP (energy storage unit) and can reproduce in the cell if more ______ is needed.
Mitochondria
Energy ⚡️
The ______ is a “storage warehouse”. It is a membrane bound structure that stores nutrients, products of ______, and fats. In plants, the central ______ contains water, increasing tugor pressure (crunchy greens)
Vacuole
Secretion
Vacuole
Name 2 structures that are ONLY in PLANT cells
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
The ______ is only in plants, fungus, and bacteria. It protects and supports. Made of complex carbohydrates called ______.
Cell wall
Cellulose
______ are only in plants and some protists. They contain ______, a pigment that produces green color 💚(those without it will not have a green color). ______ are the site of photosynthesis (process where ☀️ is used to make energy)
Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
