2.2 Programming Fundamentals

Question 1

term

Answer 1

definition

Question 2

Programming basics

Answer 2

Fundamentals of writing programs, including using functions like print() and input(), and repeating instructions using loops like for and while.

Question 3

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Answer 3

A language used to query databases. SQL commands can retrieve data and modify databases using SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands.

Question 4

SQL SELECT command

Answer 4

The SELECT command retrieves fields from a database based on specific conditions defined using the WHERE clause.

Question 5

Variable assignment

Answer 5

Assigning a value to a variable, which stores information during program execution.

Question 6

Initialisation

Answer 6

Assigning a variable with its first value when a program starts.

Question 7

Constant

Answer 7

A variable that holds a value which stays the same throughout the program’s execution.

Question 8

Iteration

Answer 8

The process of repeating a set of instructions, often using loops like for or while to perform repetitive tasks.

Question 9

Selection

Answer 9

Choosing which part of the program to follow based on certain conditions, using if, elif, and else statements.

Question 10

String Manipulation

Answer 10

Manipulating strings of text, such as joining or slicing strings to form new values.

Question 11

SQL wildcard

Answer 11

The * wildcard in SQL retrieves all records from a database.

Question 12

Data Structures

Answer 12

Organized sets of data, such as lists or arrays, that can be easily modified and accessed.

Question 13

To iterate through a list of values

Answer 13

You must use a loop (for or while) to go through the list and access each value, depending on how many values are present.

Question 14

Sub-programs

Answer 14

Small blocks of code with a unique name that can be called multiple times throughout the program.

Question 15

Parameters

Answer 15

Variables that are passed into sub-programs to give them the necessary data to perform tasks.

Question 16

Arguments

Answer 16

The actual values passed into a sub-program to be used by the parameters.

Question 17

Local Variables

Answer 17

Variables that are only accessible within a certain section of code or sub-program.

Question 18

Global Variables

Answer 18

Variables that can be accessed by the entire program, including all sub-programs.

Question 19

Pseudocode

Answer 19

A plain-language description of a program or algorithm, often used for planning before actual coding.

Question 20

Random number generation

Answer 20

Using functions like random_int() to generate random numbers within a specified range.

Question 21

While loops

Answer 21

A loop that repeats a set of instructions as long as a specified condition remains true.

Question 22

For loops

Answer 22

A loop used to repeat a set of instructions a specific number of times, usually with a counter.

Question 23

Writing to files

Answer 23

Using programming functions like openWrite and file.writeLine to store data into files.

Question 24

Flowcharts

Answer 24

Diagrams used to represent the flow of a program using different symbols for processes, inputs, outputs, and decisions.

Question 25

Data Types

Answer 25

Different types of data used in programming: String (text), Integer (whole numbers), Real (decimals), Boolean (true/false).