2.2 Programming Fundamentals

Question 1

Variable

Answer 1

A changeable named container

Question 2

Constants

Answer 2

An available value that doesn’t change during the execution of the program

Question 3

Operators

Answer 3

A character(s) that determine what action is to be performed

Question 4

Inputs

Answer 4

Data supplied to the computer program by a user

Question 5

Outputs

Answer 5

A form of interaction between the computer and the user

Question 6

Assignments

Answer 6

Giving a variable a value

Question 7

Sequence

Answer 7

A set of program instructions written and executed one after another

Question 8

Selection

Answer 8

Certain lines of code will only execute if a condition is met

Question 9

Iteration

Answer 9

• Condition-controlled, when a set of instructions is repeated based on whether a condition evaluates as true or false e.g. while loops
• Count-controlled, when a set of instructions is repeated a specific number of times e.g. for loops

Question 10

Casting

Answer 10

Converting data types

Question 11

==

Answer 11

Equal to

Question 12

!=

Answer 12

Not equal to

Question 13

<

Answer 13

Less than

Question 14

<=

Answer 14

Less than or equal to

Question 15

>

Answer 15

Greater than

Question 16

> =

Answer 16

Greater than or equal to

Question 17

+

Answer 17

Addition

Question 18

-

Answer 18

Subtraction

Question 19

/

Answer 19

Division

Question 20

*

Answer 20

Multiplication

Question 21

DIV or //

Answer 21

Quotient

Question 22

MOD or %

Answer 22

Modulo

Question 23

^ or **

Answer 23

Exponentiation (to the power of)

Question 24

Subroutine

Answer 24

A named block of self-contained code which performs a specific task

Question 25

Function

Answer 25

A subroutine that returns a value

Question 26

Procedure

Answer 26

A subroutine that doesn’t return a value

Question 27

String.length len(string)

Answer 27

Returns the length of a string

Question 28

String.upper string.upper()

Answer 28

Returns the string in uppercase

Question 29

String.lower string.lower()

Answer 29

Returns the string in lowercase

Question 30

String.substring(startingPosition, numberOfCharacters) string[x:i]

Answer 30

Returns parts of a string, starting at the character of the first parameter and counting up by the number in the second parameter (pseudocode) or ending on the character of the last parameter non-inclusive (python)

Question 31

String.left(i)

Answer 31

Returns the left most characters from a string where the parameter indicates how many to return

Question 32

String.right(i)

Answer 32

Returns the right most characters from a string where the parameter indicates how many to return

Question 33

+

Answer 33

Joins separate strings values together

Question 34

ASC(…) ord(…)

Answer 34

Returns the ASCII value of a character

Question 35

CHR(…) chr(…)

Answer 35

Returns a character from its ASCII number

Question 36

Record

Answer 36

A data structure consisting of fields which can all be of different types of data

Question 37

Field

Answer 37

A single item of data in a record

Question 38

“r”

Answer 38

Read - Default value, opens a file for reading, returns an error if the file does not exist

Question 39

“a”

Answer 39

Opens a file for appending, creates the file if it doesn’t exist, appends to the end of the file

Question 40

“w”

Answer 40

Opens a file for writing, creates a file if it doesn’t exist, will overwrite any existing content

Question 41

“x”

Answer 41

Creates the specified file, returns an error if the file already exists

Question 42

f.readline()

Answer 42

Reads the next line of a file

Question 43

f.close()

Answer 43

Closes a file when you are done with it

Question 44

f.write(“…”)

Answer 44

Writes to the file

Question 45

If os.path.exist(“demofile.txt”)

Answer 45

Checks if file exists

Question 46

os.remove(“demofile.txt”)

Answer 46

Deletes a file

Question 47

SELECT …

Answer 47

(List the fields to be displayed)

Question 48

FROM …

Answer 48

(Specify table name)

Question 49

WHERE

Answer 49

(List the search criteria)

Question 50

=

Answer 50

Checks the value of a field

Question 51

AND

Answer 51

Both conditions must be true

Question 52

OR

Answer 52

Either condition must be true

Question 53

NOT

Answer 53

Condition must be false

Question 54

*

Answer 54

Wildcard - meaning “all columns” or remainder of a string