2.2 programming fundamentals

Question 1

What is an integer?

Answer 1

A whole number

Question 2

What is real?

Answer 2

A number with decimals

Question 3

What is boolean?

Answer 3

True or false

Question 4

What is a character?

Answer 4

A letter, number or symbol in the given character set.

Question 5

What is casting?

Answer 5

Changing the data type of a piece of data from one type to another.

Question 6

What is a string?

Answer 6

A sequence of characters

Question 7

What are the 3 programming constructs?

Answer 7

Sequence, selection and iteration

Question 8

What is sequence?

Answer 8

All lines are executed

Question 9

What is a selection?

Answer 9

Decisions made that determine the execution

Question 10

What is iteration?

Answer 10

Code is repeated (‘looped’) until specified conditions are met.

Question 11

What are the 2 types of iteration?

Answer 11

Count controlled loop

Condition loops

Question 12

What is a variable?

Answer 12

a named data location in a program for a value that can be change during the program.

Question 13

What is a constants?

Answer 13

They are named data which value remains the same throughout the program.

Question 14

what does == mean?

Answer 14

equal to

Question 15

what does != mean

Answer 15

not equal to

Question 16

What does < mean?

Answer 16

Less than

Question 17

What does <= mean?

Answer 17

less than or equal to

Question 18

What does > mean?

Answer 18

more than

Question 19

What does >= mean?

Answer 19

Greater than or equal to

Question 20

What does * mean?

Answer 20

Multiple

Question 21

What does / mean?

Answer 21

divide

Question 22

What does MOD mean?

Answer 22

Modulus - outputs the remainder

Question 23

What does DIV mean?

Answer 23

Quotient - divides but ignores the remainder only outputting the whole number.

Question 24

What does ^ mean?

Answer 24

To the power of…

Question 25

What is an assignment?

Answer 25

Giving a variable or constant a value

Question 26

What is the advantage of using a constant?

Answer 26

It makes it easier to read the program and leads less chance of errors.

Question 27

What are the 3 Boolean operators?

Answer 27

NOT, AND, OR

Question 28

What must strings be written inside?

Answer 28

”” quotation marks

Question 29

What does x.upper mean?

Answer 29

All the characters will be uppercase

Question 30

What does x.lower mean?

Answer 30

All the characters will be lower case

Question 31

What does x.length mean?

Answer 31

Returns the number of characters of the string

Question 32

What does x.left(i) and x.right(i)?

Answer 32

This extracts the first/last parts of the string.

Question 33

What does a.substring(a,b) mean?

Answer 33

Extracting a string starting at position a with length b from the string.

Question 34

What does Concatenate mean?

Answer 34

To join them to form another string. Using the “+”

Question 35

What does slicing mean? (string manipulation)

Answer 35

allows programmers to select any character from a string.

Question 36

What are some of the basic file handling operators?

Answer 36

Open
Read
Write
Close

Question 37

How do you open a file using file handling?

Answer 37

myfile = open(“file.txt”)

Question 38

How do you read using file handling?

Answer 38

Oneline = myfile.readline()

Question 39

How do you write in a file?

Answer 39

myfile= open(“Hello”.w)

Question 40

How do you close a file using file handling?

Answer 40

myfile.close()