2.2 - Network Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Network Interface Card (NIC)

A
Network Interface Card (NIC)
• The fundamental network device
• Every device on the network has a NIC
• Computers, servers, printers, routers, switches, phones,
tablets, cameras, etc.
• Specific to the network type
• Ethernet, WAN, wireless, etc.
• Often built-in to the motherboard
• Or added as an expansion card
• Many options
• Single port, multi-port, copper, fiber
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2
Q

Repeater

A
Receive signal, regenerate, resend
• No forwarding decisions to make
• Common use
• Boost copper or fiber connections
• Convert one network media to another
• Extend wireless network reach
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3
Q

Hub

A
  • “Multi-port repeater”
  • Traffic going in one port is repeated to every other port
  • Everything is half-duplex
  • Becomes less efficient as network speeds increase
  • 10 megabit / 100 megabit
  • Difficult to find today
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4
Q

Unmanaged switches

A
  • Very few configuration options
  • Plug and play
  • Fixed configuration
  • No VLANs
  • Very little integration with other devices
  • No management protocols
  • Low price point
  • Simple is less expensive
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5
Q

Switches

A
  • Bridging done in hardware
  • Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
  • Forwards traffic based on data link address
  • Many ports and features
  • The core of an enterprise network
  • May provide Power over Ethernet (PoE)
  • Multilayer switch - Includes routing functionality
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6
Q

Bridge

A

• Imagine a switch with two to four ports
• Makes forwarding decisions in software
• Connects different physical networks
• Can connect different topologies
• Gets around physical network size limitations /
collisions
• Distributes traffic based on MAC address
• A modern bridge is a wireless access point
• Bridges wired Ethernet to wireless

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7
Q

Managed switches

A
VLAN support
• Interconnect with other switches via 802.1Q
• Traffic prioritization
• Voice traffic gets a higher priority
• Redundancy support
• Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
• External management
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
• Port mirroring
• Capture packets
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8
Q

Routers

A

• Routes traffic between IP subnets
• Makes forwarding decisions based on IP address
• Routers inside of switches sometimes called
“layer 3 switches”
• Often connects diverse network types
• LAN, WAN, copper, fiber

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9
Q

Wireless access point (WAP)

A
Not a wireless router
• A wireless router is a router and a WAP
in a single device
• WAP is a bridge
• Extends the wired network
onto the wireless network
• Makes forwarding decisions
based on MAC address
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10
Q

Wireless LAN controllers

A
• Centralized management of WAPs
• A single “pane of glass”
• Management functions
• Deploy new access points
• Performance and security monitoring
• Configure and deploy changes to all sites
• Report on access point use
• Usually a proprietary system
• The wireless controller is paired
with the access points
• Can also be cloud-based
• Manage the console from anywhere
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11
Q

Firewalls

A

Filters traffic by port number
• OSI layer 4 (TCP/UDP)
• Some firewalls can filter through OSI layer 7
• Can encrypt traffic into/out of the network
• Protect your traffic between sites
• Can proxy traffic
• A common security technique
• Most firewalls can be layer 3 devices (routers)
• Usually sits on the ingress/egress of the network

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12
Q

Ethernet over Power (EOP)

A

• Also called Power-line communication (PLC)
• IEEE standard 1901
• 500 megabits per second
• Standard includes links to the premise, intra-building
networking, vehicles, smart energy devices, and more

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13
Q

PoE switch

A

Power over Ethernet

• Commonly marked on the switch or interfaces

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14
Q

Power over Ethernet

A
  • Power provided on an Ethernet cable
  • One wire for both network and electricity
  • Phones, cameras, wireless access points
  • Useful in difficult-to-power areas
  • Power provided at the switch
  • Built-in power - Endspans
  • In-line power injector - Midspans
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15
Q

Patch panels

A
  • Combination of punch-down blocks and RJ-45 connectors
  • Runs from desks are made once
  • Permanently punched down to patch panel
  • Patch panel to switch can be easily changed
  • No special tools
  • Use existing cables
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16
Q

DSL modem

A

• ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
• Uses telephone lines
• Download speed is faster than the upload speed
(asymmetric)
• ~10,000 foot limitation from the central office (CO)
• 52 Mbit/s downstream / 16 Mbit/s upstream
are common
• Faster speeds may be possible if closer to the CO

17
Q

Cable modem

A
  • Broadband
  • Transmission across multiple frequencies
  • Different traffic types
  • Data on the “cable” network
  • DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)
  • High-speed networking
  • 4 Mbits/s through 250 Mbits/s are common
  • Gigabit speeds are possible
  • Multiple services
  • Data, voice