2.2 Individualist Theories of Criminality Flashcards
Describe the ID ?
Developed at birth
Principles: pleasure principle- demands it.
Demands - Instant gratification
Resides in the unconscious mind
Describe the Ego
Developed a 2 years ( Anal stage)
Principles : reality
Demands : No conflict ( reduces conflict)
Resides in the conscious mind
Describe the Superego?
Developed at 5 years
Principles : Morality principles it senses right and wrong.
Demands : You do the right thing
Resides in the unconscious mind.
Describe the weakly developed superego?
Unable to keep the ID inline
children do not have the same sex parent
cannot internalise their moral code
Describe the unforgiving superego ?
Making us feel guilty, thinks about acting out the IDs criminal desires , they feel like they should be punished and they commit crimes to be caught and then punished.
Describe the Deviant superego ?
The super ego is less responsive, this is often when the same sex parents immoral and therefore the child will an immoral set of beliefs .
Describe the Dominant IID?
Rules by their ID and seek immediate pleasure and gratification regardless of the cots, if children do not pass through the phallic stage successfully.
Who extended Freuds theory and state criminality is the result of a dysfunctional superego ?
Blackburn 1993
How did Eysenck do his research?
How he did his research;
57 questions ‘Eysenck personality inventory’ it requires yes or no answers.
Who are Extraversion ?
These people will be outgoing, active, highly sociable and enjoy risk taking.
Who are Neuroticism ?
’ Hot- headed’ These people will be worriers, prone to feeling guilty and are easily agitated and unstable.
Who are Psychoticism ?
These people are impulsive, aggressive and selfish, They tend to lack control over their behaviour.
Why do Extraversions causes criminality?
It is believed that the cerebral cortex is under stimulated in extraverts leading to them seeking out extra stimulation/ Information reaching the cerebral cortex is inhibited by the reticular activation system. This is lack of conditioning learning.
It is also stated thar the dopamine reward system is stronger such as sex and money.
Why do Neuroticism causes criminality?
Their limbic systems overwhelmed by stressful situations ( easily). Therefore, they act more unstable and react quickly to stress.
What is the social learning theory?
All behaviour is learned from the environment and leaning occurs in a social context.
What is observation ?
Watching and paying close attention to others people behaviours
What is Imitation ?
copying other peoples behaviour
What are role models?
someone we look up to and identify with
What is identification ?
When an observe associates themselves with the model and wants to be like the role model.
What is modelling ?
When the role model performs the precise demonstration of a specific behaviour.
What is Vicarious reinforcement ?
Reinforcement which is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour.
What is the Bobo doll experiment ?
Procedure - children watched either an adult behaving aggressively towards a bobo doll or an adult behaving non-aggressively towards a bobo doll
Finding - when given their own doll to play with, the children who had seen aggression were much more aggressive towards the doll.
Conclusion (imitation)
