2.2 Electrons, bonding and structure

Question 1

How many electrons can fill the first 4 shells?

Answer 1

1 - 2
2 - 8
3 - 18
4 - 32

Question 2

What is an atomic orbital?

Answer 2

a region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons, with opposite spins

Question 3

What are the shapes of s and p orbitals?

Answer 3

s - spherical shape
p - 3 dimensional dumbell shapes

Question 4

How many electrons fill up s, p, d and f orbitals?

Answer 4

s = 2
p = 6
d = 10
f = 14

Question 5

What are the order of shells in order of increasing energy (up to 4p6) ?

Answer 5

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6

Question 6

What is ‘ionic bonding’?

Answer 6

electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 7

What is ‘covalent bonding’ ?

Answer 7

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 8

What is electronegativity?

Answer 8

the ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 9

What is ‘average bond enthalpy’?

Answer 9

measurement of covalent bond strength