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Chemistry: Module 2 > 2.1 Atoms and reactions > Flashcards

2.1 Atoms and reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an isotope?

A

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

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2
Q

What is relative isotopic mass?

A

mass of an atom of an element compared with the mass of 1/12th of an atom of carbon-12

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3
Q

Formula with moles, mass, molar mass

A

moles = mass/ molar mass

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4
Q

What is the name of NO3-

A

nitrate ion

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5
Q

What is the name of NH4+

A

ammonium ion

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6
Q

What is the name of OH-

A

hydroxide ion

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7
Q

What is the name of SO4 2-

A

sulfate ion

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8
Q

What is the atomic number

A

number of protons (= electrons)

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9
Q

Name the 4 common acids

A

HCL - hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 - sulfuric acid
HNO3 - nitric acid
CH3COOH - ethanoic acid

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10
Q

Definition of ‘amount of substance’

A

the quantity whose unit is the mole

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11
Q

What does it mean if a substance is ‘anhydrous’?

A

a substance that contains no water molecules

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12
Q

What are the benefits of maximizing atom economy?

A

-more sustainable - fewer raw materials used
-minimizes chemical waste
-maximizes efficiency
-less money spent on separation process

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13
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A

pV=nRT
p - pressure (Pa)
V - volume (m3)
n - moles
R - ideal gas constant (8.314)
T - temperature (K)

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14
Q

Neutralization of acids equation

A

acid + base –> salt + water

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15
Q

How does neutralization make water?

A

a bade readily accepts H+ ions from the acid
e.g. OH- accept H+ to form H2O

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16
Q

Describe oxidation and reduction in terms of electron transfer

A

oxidation - loss of electrons
reduction - gain of electrons

17
Q

How to calculate percentage yield?

A

actual amount (mol) / theoretical amount (mol)
x100

18
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

acids that fully dissociate - release all their H+ ions

19
Q

What is the value of avogadros constant?

A

6.02 x 10^23

20
Q

What is ‘water of crystallisation’?

A

water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound

21
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

acids that partially dissociate in water - release some of its H+ ions

22
Q

What is a base? and give examples

A

bases neutralise acids
e.g. metal oxides, metal hydroxides, ammonia

23
Q

What is a hydrated substance?

A

a crystalline substance containing water

24
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

a solution of known concentrations

25
Q

What is an acid?

A

substances that release H+ ions when dissolved in water

26
Q

What is an alkali?

A

substances that release OH- ions when dissolved in water

27
Q

What are the charges of a proton, neutron and electron?

A

+1, 0, -1

28
Q

What are the relative masses of a proton, neutron and electron?

A

1.0
1.0
1/2000

29
Q

What is the definition of relative atomic mass?

A

the weighted mean mass of an atom compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

30
Q

What is CO3 2-

A

carbonate ion

31
Q

What is the formula of a zinc ion?

A

Zn 2+

32
Q

What is the formula of a silver ion?

A

Ag+

33
Q

What is the definition of ‘empirical formula’?

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

34
Q

What is the definition of ‘molecular formula’?

A

the number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule

35
Q

How to calculate moles using concentration and volume?

A

moles = concentration x volume

36
Q

What is the formula for atom economy?

A

(mr of desired product) / (mr of all products) x 100

37
Q

What are the 3 common alkalis?

A

NaOH - sodium hydroxide
KOH - potassium hydroxide
NH3 - ammonia

Chemistry: Module 2 (2 decks)

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