22 Conditions and Review Flashcards
Outline the pathophysiology of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.
How does Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease present?
What investigations can be done into suspected Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease? Why can these investigations be difficult?
MRI best
2 types:
- Flair MRI
- Basal ganglia signal
- Pulvinar signal
- DWI MRI
Difficult:
Have to sedate patient to do MRI as takes a long time and motor symptoms usually with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
What is the porgnosis like for patients with CJD? (Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease)
Most die within 1 year
Outline the pathophysiology for multiple sclerosis.
(triggers?)
Triggers:
Vitamin deficiency
How does multiple sclerosis present?
Symptoms= separated in time and place
Eg can have plaque on MRI with no symptoms or symptoms with no signs on investigations.
What do we examine for in a patient if we suspect MS?
If we suspect MS after doing an examination, what further investigations can we do to check for MS?
Why can it be difficult to diagnose?
What are the 4 different types of MS you can get?
Outline the pathophysiology for cerebral palsy.
What can cause cerebral palsy?
(Prenatally, perinatally, postnatally)
What are the different types of cerebral palsy?
Not all cerebral palsy will be detectable on an MRI
What signs and symptoms can we get with cerebral palsy?
What is an arteriovenous malformation and how are they caused?
Many possible causes:
Congential
Trauma
Surgery
Thrombosis
How can an AVM be graded? What is an eloquent site?
Graded:
Spetzler-Martin arteriovenous malformation (AVM) grading system allocates points for various features of intracranial arteriovenous malformations to give a grade between 1 and 5. Grade 6 is used to describe inoperable lesions. The score correlates with operative outcome
Eloquent site:
Part of cortex that controls a function- damage to this area will causes neurological deficit
