2.2 - China

Question 1

Who led and supported the KMT?

Answer 1

Chaing Kai-Shek ; Jhaing Jieshi and the USA/GB

Question 2

Who led the CCP and supported?

Answer 2

Mao and USSR

Question 3

Who did the USSR initially support?

Answer 3

KMT

Question 4

When was the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the KMT?

Answer 4

14th August 1945

Question 5

What was the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the KMT?

Answer 5

• Chiang acknowledged the Soviet military Occupation at Port Arthur and agreed to joint control of the ChangChung railway
• In return Soviets recognised KMT and said they were not to support the CCP

Question 6

When were the Chongquing negotiations?

Answer 6

August 26th 1945

Question 7

What were the arguments at the Chongquing negotiation?

Answer 7

Whether the CCP should have its own army as Chiang wanted all their troops under his control

Question 8

What was the CCP’s repsonse to the Chongquing negotiation?

Answer 8

Mao would reduce his troops, if the KMT did too, but would not give control of his army to Chiang but both sides failed to meet an agreement

Question 9

What was Mao told in September 1945 regarding Stalin?

Answer 9

Mao hears soviet forces are unofficialy ready to support the CCP

Question 10

When did the Soviets advice the CCP to move 300,000 troops into Manchuria?

Answer 10

October 1945

Question 11

What did Chiang inform Truman after USSR suggesting the movement of 300,000 troops?

Answer 11

Chiang informed Truman that the USSR’s violations of the Sino-Soviet treaty were a serious threat to peace in East Asia and asked the USA to mediate

Question 12

What was the Marshall Mission?

Answer 12

Marshall mediated between Chaing and Mao to establish a KMT majority gov with CCP minority

Question 13

When did Stalin insist on a truce?

Answer 13

Spring 1946

Question 14

How does Truman’s truce aid the CCP?

Answer 14

Allowed them to regroup when the KMT were on the verge of victory

Question 15

What did the KMT achieve in July 1946?

Answer 15

Chiang launched an assault and by Oct had pushed CCP out of the Yangtze region
HOWEVER did not capture Manchuria

Question 16

When did the CCP launch its offensive from Manchuria?

Answer 16

December 1947 - March 1948

Question 17

What was Soviet assistance to the CCP 1948-9?

Answer 17

• Sent Kovalev to oversee repair of bridges and railways to facilitate advance of CCP

Question 18

What was US Assistance to the KMT 1948-9?

Answer 18

• US diplomats and Joint Chiefs of Staff and secretaries of defence and the navy urged military intervention to help the KMT
  TRUMAN REJECTED THIS
• Financial aid allowing KMT to buy arms

Question 19

When were the KMT defeated at Yangtze River and Beijing was captured by CCP?

Answer 19

Jan 1949

Question 20

When was the PRC proclaimed?

Answer 20

1st October 1949

Question 21

When was the PRC recognised by GB?

Answer 21

1950

Question 22

When was the PRC recognised by USA?

Answer 22

1971

Question 23

When was the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the CCP?

Answer 23

14th February 1950

Question 24

What were the 4 main components of the Sino-Soviet Pact?

Answer 24

1. Co-operate in terms of defence against Japan or USA
2. Peace treaty with Japan
   3.Not conclude any hostile agreement with another power aimed at the other member of the pact
3. Consult closely on matters of mutual interest

Question 25

Significance of the Fall of China to US foreign policy

Answer 25

• US lost atomic monopoly
• Security of Japan
• Domino theory
• Security in Asia

Question 26

Taiwan importance to USA

Answer 26

• It was feared Taiwan would fall to Communism before the end of 1950
• Taiwan became essential to the US defensive position in Asia, but Mao considered it part of China’s territory
• There was agreement not to send troops in to defend Taiwan as the US could not stretch to this