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chemistry > 2.2 Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

2.2 Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the pH scale measure?

A

The concentration of hydrogen irons in the substance

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2
Q

What do acids contain?

A

Hydrogen H+ ions

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3
Q

Lower pH, stronger acid 🟰

A

High concentration of H+ ions
Lower pH, stronger acid

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4
Q

What do alkalis contain?

A

Hydroxide ions, OH-

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5
Q

Higher pH, stronger alkali 🟰

A

Higher concentration of OH- ions
Higher pH, stronger alkali

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6
Q

Strong acids, what numbers in pH scale

A

Lower numbers

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7
Q

Strong alkali is what numbers in pH scale

A

Higher numbers

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8
Q

What do acids produce when they dissolve in water?

A

Hydrogen ions
HCl (aq) ➡️ H+ ➕Cl-

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9
Q

What makes an acid a strong acid

A

Nearly all of the hydrogen atoms form H+ ions when dissolved in water
Fully dissociate (ionise)

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10
Q

What is a base

A

Chemically opposite to an acid

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11
Q

What is an alkali

A

A base that dissolved in water

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12
Q

What do alkalis do when dissolved in water

A

Produce hydroxide ions OH-

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13
Q

Why is ethanoic acid a weak acid for

A

Only1% of the H molecules form H+ ions When dissolved in water - partially dissociate/ionise

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14
Q

Why is HCl a strong acid

A

Nearly all of the hydrogen atoms form H+ ions when dissolved in water
Fully dissociate/ionise

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15
Q

What is a dilute acid

A

More water molecules mixed with the H+

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16
Q

Concentrated acid

A

Fewer water molecules mixed with the H+ ions

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17
Q

Strong acids react more quickly or slowly than weak acids

A

More quickly

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18
Q

What do acids react with to form salts

A

Metals
Bases
Carbonates

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19
Q

Réaction of acid ➕ metal- products
Example

A

Acid➕metal➡️salt➕hydrogen
Hydrochloric acid ➕ zinc➡️zinc chloride➕hydrogen

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20
Q

What will you see in a reaction with a more reactive metal

A

Faster reaction
More bubbling
Bigger temperature rise

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21
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction

A

Reaction of an acid with a base or alkali

22
Q

What do neutralisation reactions always produce

A

Salt ➕ water 💦

23
Q

Ionic equation for neutralisation reaction

A

H+ (aq) ➕ OH- ➡️ H2O
The other ions make the salt
HCl(aq)➕NaOH➡️NaCl➕H2O

24
Q

What forms when **carbonates ** react with acids

A

Salt 🧂
Water 💦
Carbon dioxide 🫧

25
Q

Reaction of acid and carbonate equation and example

A

Acid ➕ carbonate ➡️ salt ➕ water ➕ carbon dioxide
2HCl(aq)➕CaCO3(s)➡️CaCl2(aq)➕H2O➕CO2

26
Q

Reactions of acids with metals bases and carbonates are all…

A

Exothermic

27
Q

Testing for carbonates

A

React with an acid
Test the gas given off is carbon dioxide-pass through limewater, limewater should go cloudy

28
Q

Testing for acids

A

React with a carbonate
Test the gas given off is carbon dioxide-pass through limewater, limewater should go cloudy

29
Q

Test for a sulfate

A

React a solution of the sulfate with a solution of barium chloride
white precipitate of barium sulfate is formed

30
Q

Word and chemical equation for reacting (sodium) sulfate with barium chloride- test for a sulfate

A

Sodium sulfate ➕barium chloride➡️sodium chloride ➕ barium sulfate
Na2SO4(aq)➕BaCl2(aq)➡️2NaCl(aq)➕BaSO4(s)

31
Q

Ion equation for reacting (sodium) sulfate with barium chloride- test for a sulfate

A

Ba2+(aq)➕SO4 2-(aq)➡️BaSO4(s)

32
Q

How can solid insoluble salts be prepared from soluble salt solutions like the ones used in the test for a sulfate

A

Filtration
- insoluble salt is trapped by filter paper; the soluble salt solution passes through
- the trapped insoluble salt is washed with distilled water, dried then scraped off filter paper

33
Q

What do acids react with to form salts

A

Metals bases and carbonates

34
Q

Preparation of a salt from a metal/insoluble base/carbonate and acid steps

A
  1. Excess metal/base/carbonate is added to ensure all acid has reacted
    (Ms&cs- Fizzing stops here)
  2. The mixture is filtered to remove excess solid
  3. Salt crystals are collected from solution by evaporation
35
Q

How fast to evaporate water if you want large crystals

A

Evaporate water slowly

36
Q

How fast to evaporate water if you want large crystals

A

Evaporate 2/3 water quickly, then Allow to crystallise naturally

37
Q

Naming salts from
hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid

A

(Metal/base/carbonate) chloride
(Metal/base/carbonate) nitrate
(Metal/base/carbonate) sulfate

38
Q

Hydrochloric acid ➕zinc ➡️

A

Zinc chloride ➕water

39
Q

Nitric acid ➕sodium carbonate

A

Sodium nitrate ➕water➕carbon dioxide

40
Q

What is preparation of a salt from an alkali/soluble carbonate also known as

A

Titration

41
Q

What is titration used for
How

A

To produce a salt from an acid and alkali
An acid is added to an alkali

42
Q

When is the endpoint of a titration reaction

A

When the alkali/acid has been neutralised
It has turned into a salt ➕ water

43
Q

How are the salt crystals collected from titration

A

Evaporation

44
Q

Titration steps

A
  1. Measure (25cm3) of alkali into a conical flask using a pipette
  2. Add a few drops of indicator
  3. Fill the burette with acid
  4. Slowly add the acid from the burette (dropwise) to the alkali until the indicator changed colour
    Record the volume of acid added to the flask
45
Q

Equation to find Concentration in mol dm3

A

Mass/Mr✖️1000/volume

Moles✖️1000/volume

46
Q

Equation to find moles of solution using concentration and volume

A

Moles 🟰 concentration/1000✖️volume

47
Q

Volume equation

A

Moles✖️1000/conc

48
Q

1dm3 is how many cm3

A

1000 cm3

49
Q

Example of 1:1 mole ratio

A

NaCl➕NaOH

50
Q

Example of 2:1 mole ratio

A

2NaOH➕H2SO4

chemistry (7 decks)

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