2.2 Flashcards
Reflux
The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.
Volatility
The ease that a liquid turns into a gas. Volatility increases as boiling point decreases
Esterification
The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water
Dehydration
An elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.
Hydrolysis
A reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.
Nucleophilic substitution
A type of substitution reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
%yield
%yield = actual amount in mol if product / theoretical amount in mol of product *100
A limiting reagent
The substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first
Atom economy
Molecular mass of the desired product / sum of molecular mass of all products *100
Molecular ion M+
The positive ion formed in mass spectrometry when a molecule loses an electron
Fragmentation
The process in mass spectrometry that cause a positive ion to split into pieces, one of which is a positive fragment ion.
