2.1

Question 0

A saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 0

A hydrocarbon with single bonds only

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only

Question 2

An unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 2

A hydrocarbon contains carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds

Question 3

An aliphatic hydrocarbon

Answer 3

A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains

Question 4

An alicyclic hydrocarbon

Answer 4

A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure

Question 5

A functional group

Answer 5

The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

Question 6

A homologous series

Answer 6

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2.

Question 7

Alkanes

Answer 7

The homologous series with the general formula Cn H2n+2

Question 8

Nomenclature

Answer 8

A system of naming compounds

Question 9

An alkyl group

Answer 9

An Alkane with a hydrogen atom removed ( CH3, C2H5 )

Question 10

General formula

Answer 10

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series.
(E.g. CnH2n+2)

Question 11

Displayed formula

Answer 11

The relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them.

Question 12

Structural formula

Answer 12

Shows the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 13

Skeletal formula

Answer 13

A simplified organic formula, with hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

Question 14

Stereoisomers

Answer 14

Compounds with the same structural formula, but with a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 15

E/Z isomerism

Answer 15

A type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each C atom of a C=C double bond may be arranged differently in space because of the restriction rotation of the C=C bond.

Question 16

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 16

A type of E/Z isomerism when there is a non-hydrogen group and a hydrogen on each C of a C=C double bond.
The Cis isomer has both the H atoms on the same side
The trans has the H atoms on different sides

Question 17

Fractional distillation

Answer 17

The separation of the components in a liquid mixture into fractions which differ in boiling point ( and hence chemical chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

Question 18

Cracking

Answer 18

The breaking down of long-chained saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of a shorter-chained alkanes and alkenes

Question 19

A catalyst

Answer 19

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process

Question 20

Homolytic fission

Answer 20

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals

Question 21

A radical

Answer 21

As species with an unpaired electron

often represented with a dot after the species

Question 22

Heterolytic fission

Answer 22

The breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to one of the atoms forming an anion (-) and a cation (+)

Question 23

A nucleophile

Answer 23

An atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Question 24

An electrophile

Answer 24

An atom (or group of atoms) that I attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 25

An addition reaction

Answer 25

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

Question 26

A substitution reaction

Answer 26

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms.

Question 27

An elimination reaction

Answer 27

Is the removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule.

1 reactant —-> 2 products

Question 28

Radical substitution

Answer 28

A type of substitution reaction in which a radical replaces a different atom or group of atoms.

Question 29

Mechanism

Answer 29

A sequence of steps showing the path taken by electrons in a reaction

Question 30

Initiation

Answer 30

The first step in a radical substitution in which the free radicals are generated by ultraviolet radiation

Question 31

Propagation

Answer 31

Two repeated steps in a radical substitution that build up to the products in a chain reaction.

Question 32

Termination

Answer 32

The step at the end of a radical substitution when two radicals combine to form a molecule.

Question 33

A pi-bond

Answer 33

The reactive part of a double bond formed above and below the plane of the bonded atoms by sideway overlap of p-orbitals.

Question 34

Electrophile addition

Answer 34

A type of addition reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 35

Carbocation

Answer 35

An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge

Question 36

A curly arrow

Answer 36

A symbol use in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond.

Question 37

Polymer

Answer 37

A long molecular chain built up from monomer units.

Question 38

A monomer

Answer 38

A small molecule that combines with many other monomers to form a polymer.

Question 39

Addition polymerisation

Answer 39

The process when unsaturated alkene molecules add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time, to form a very long saturated molecular chain.

Question 40

An addition polymer

Answer 40

A very long molecular chain, formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules.

Question 41

A repeat unit

Answer 41

A specific arrangement of atoms that occur in the structure over and over again.

Question 42

Biodegradable material

Answer 42

A material that is broken down naturally in the environment by living organisms.