2.2

Question 1

Id

Answer 1

Instinctive “animal” part of mind- selfish, pleasure-seeking

Question 2

Superego

Answer 2

Conscience or moral part of mind- acting against its lead to guilt and anxiety

Question 3

Ego

Answer 3

Referees the urge of id and superego. Tries to satisfy the id’s urges in socially acceptable way

Question 4

Weak superego

Answer 4

Less guilt feelings and more likely to act on id’s urges

Question 5

Harsh superego

Answer 5

Craves punishment to release guilty feelings

Question 6

Deviant superego

Answer 6

Successful socialisation but into deviant moral code

Question 7

Primary Carer

Answer 7

The main person who looks after the child

Question 8

Attachment

Answer 8

Describe the relationship between child and primary carer

Question 9

Affectionless psychopathy

Answer 9

Inability to form meaningful relationships as a result of broken attachments before the age of 5

Question 10

Socialisation

Answer 10

Process of learning norms values

Question 11

Extraversion

Answer 11

An outgoing, sociable, excitement-seeking, impulsive, aggressive personality

Question 12

Introvert

Answer 12

A reserved, inward-looking, serious, pessimistic, self-controlled personality

Question 13

Neurotic

Answer 13

Anxious, moody, depressed, prone to over-reacting

Question 14

Emotionally stable

Answer 14

Calm, even-tempered, controlled, unworried

Question 15

Conditioning

Answer 15

Learning through experience to seek pleasure (reward) and avoid pain (punishment)

Question 16

Genetic inheritance

Answer 16

Some individuals are born with a nervous system that causes them to develop a criminal personality

Question 17

Psychoticism

Answer 17

Having a personality that is cruel, insensitive, aggressive and lacking in empathy

Question 18

Correlation

Answer 18

Relationship between two variables- not cause and effect

Question 19

Validity

Answer 19

How true a test is- does it actually measure what it sets out to measure?

Question 20

Imitation

Answer 20

We acquire criminal skills through observing those around us

Question 21

Learned attitudes

Answer 21

Socialism within group teaches

Question 22

Behaviourism

Answer 22

The idea that rewards and punishments shape our behaviour - even criminality

Question 23

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 23

Behaviour is strengthened by a positive outcome (reward)

Question 24

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 24

Behaviour is strengthened by removing an undesirable outcome

Question 25

Punishment

Answer 25

Behaviour is stopped by an undesirable outcome.

Question 26

Determinism

Answer 26

The idea that our behaviour is caused by an external force outside of our control - we have no free will.

Question 27

Models

Answer 27

People whose behaviour we imitate.

Question 28

Cognitive theory

Answer 28

Thinking /mental processes such as attitudes, beliefs, reasoning, decision-making, self-concept and how we interpret the world around us.

Question 29

CBT

Answer 29

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - treatment to ‘correct’ faulty thinking patterns.

Question 30

PICTS

Answer 30

Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles - a questionnaire aimed at revealing criminal thought patterns

Question 31

Representative

Answer 31

If the results of a study can be generalised to the whole population.

Question 32

Attrition Rate

Answer 32

The number of participants who drop out of a study