22 Flashcards
what is sucrase
an enzyme
how many reactions does a typical enzyme do per second?
1000/ second
what does sucrase do?
it catalyzes the reaction
sucrose–> glucose+ fructose
where is sucrase located
in the intestinal epithelial cells
what is sucrase
an integral membrane protein
what limits exergonic(-dG) reactions?
breaking of bonds requires and initial input of energy(Ea)
how do enzymes help exergonic reactions
they decrease Ea
what allows endergonic (+dG) reactions
ATP- because they need energy to perform reaction
are enzymes able to do exergonic reactions by themselves?
yes, they can do them by themselves.
Are enzymes able to do endogonic reactions by themselves?
no, not by themselves.
how do enzymes do endogonic reactions?
they couple the endergonic reaction with ATP hydrolysis
What are two functions of ATP
- monomer used to make RNA
-A source of power
What is the reaction of ATP hydrolysis
ATP+H2O–> ADP+(inorg P) + Energy
What is a endergonic reaction coupled with an exergonic reaction?
an exergonic process
what does Alcohol dehydrogenase do(ADH)?
is helps break down ethanol
explain how alcohol dehydrogenase works
ethanol, a mild toxin is broken by ADH into a severe toxin, acetaldehyde. ALDH breaks the severe toxin into acetate.
Where is ADH found?
in human liver cells(and other cells)
what is ADH structure
homodimer
Where is ADH in the cell
in cytosol
Allergy
when a humans immune system overreacts to a harmless molecule
food intolerance
when a person doesnt make the enzyme needed to digest a molecule
ie. lactose intolerance and red faced
what causes red face
problesm with ALDH
Electron shuttles
work with some enzymes as cofactors ie NADH with ADH
what is a low energy electron shuttle
and examples
one that isnt carrying electrons ie
NAD+, FAD, NADP+
