2.2

Question 1

Different configurations in which computing resources and services are provisioned, managed, and accessed within cloud infrastructure.

Answer 1

Cloud models

Question 2

Cloud computing model that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.

Answer 2

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Question 3

Cloud computing model that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without dealing with the complexities of underlying infrastructure.

Answer 3

Platform as a service (PaaS)

Question 4

Cloud computing model that delivers software applications to end users from within the cloud.

Answer 4

Software as a service (SaaS)

Question 5

Is a broad term that encompasses various cloud computing services delivered over the internet. It represents a model where different types of services, applications, and resources are provided on-demand

Answer 5

Anything as a service (XaaS)

Question 6

Refers to a cloud service that is rendered over a system open for public use.

Answer 6

Public Cloud

Question 7

Is a system in where several organizations with a common interest share a cloud environment for the specific purposes of the shared endeavor.

Answer 7

Community Cloud

Question 8

Reserved resources used only by one organization. For organizations that are highly sensitive to sharing resources.

Answer 8

Private Cloud

Question 9

Is a cloud structure where elements from private, public, and community cloud structures are combined.

Answer 9

Hybrid Cloud

Question 10

Companies or organizations that offer a variety of cloud-based services and resources over the internet.

Answer 10

Cloud service providers

Question 11

Is a company that remotely manages a customer’s IT infrastructure.

Answer 11

Managed service provider (MSP)

Question 12

Is a specialized third-party company that offers a range of outsourced security services to organizations.

Answer 12

Managed security service
provider (MSSP)

Question 13

When a system resides locally in the building of an organization.

Answer 13

On-premises

Question 14

Computing resources, data storage, or services that are located outside of an organization’s physical premises or on-premises infrastructure.

Answer 14

Off-premises

Question 15

Is a distributed form of cloud computing, in which workload is performed on a distributed, decentralized architecture. Some data is processed in the cloud while other data is processed locally.

Answer 15

Fog computing

Question 16

Is a form of cloud computing, in which data processing occurs near or at the “edge” of the network, which could be on devices, routers, or local servers. This approach aims to reduce latency, enhance real-time decision-making, and alleviate the burden on centralized data centers.

Answer 16

Edge computing

Question 17

Is a lightweight computer, with limited resources, whose primary purpose is to communicate with another machine.

Answer 17

Thin client

Question 18

Virtualization enables multiple OS instances to coexist on a single hardware platform. The concept of ____________ is similar, but rather than having multiple independent OSs, a ____________ holds the portions of an OS that it needs separate from the kernel. Therefore, multiple ____________ can share an OS, yet have separate memory, CPU, and storage threads.

Answer 18

Containers

Question 19

An architectural approach in software development where an application is decomposed into a set of small, independently deployable services.

Answer 19

Microservices

Question 20

A set of protocols, tools, and definitions that allow different software applications to communicate and interact with each other.

Answer 20

Application Programming Interface (API)

Question 21

Is the use of machine-readable definition files as well as code to manage and provision computer systems.

Answer 21

Infrastructure as code

Question 22

Is a network architecture where the control plane and the data plane are separated. This allows for networking hardware to be under programmatic control, even while processing data.

Answer 22

Software-defined networking (SDN)

Question 23

For a network device to operate on data, it must see the data flow. Firewalls can’t manage data they don’t see, so firewalls are physically positioned throughout the network in line with the system’s physical architecture. Just as software-defined networking has changed how networks are managed, ________________ is an extension of this infrastructure as code idea for the network visibility problem.

Answer 23

Software-defined visibility (SDV)

Question 24

Is an approach to application development and deployment where the management of server infrastructure is abstracted away from the developer.

Answer 24

Serverless architecture

Question 25

Is the connection of infrastructure and software elements to provide specific services to a business entity.

Answer 25

Services integration

Question 26

A set of rules, configurations, and access controls that govern the use and management of cloud resources within a cloud environment.

Answer 26

Resource policies

Question 27

Is a network connection that is used to interconnect virtual private clouds (VPCs) and on-premises networks.

Answer 27

Transit gateway

Question 28

Is used to enable a computer to have more than one OS present and, in many cases, operating at the same time.

Answer 28

Virtualization

Question 29

Is a low-level program that allows multiple operating systems to run concurrently on a single host computer.

Answer 29

Hypervisor

Question 30

Is a type of hypervisor that runs directly on the system hardware. Are referred to as native, bare-metal, or embedded hypervisors.

Answer 30

Type I Hypervisor

Question 31

Is a type of hypervisor that runs on top of a host operating system.

Answer 31

Type II Hypervisor

Question 32

Is the uncontrolled spreading and disorganization caused by lack of an organizational structure when many VMs require management. An organization needs to implement ___________ avoidance through policy.

Answer 32

Virtual machine (VM)
sprawl

Question 33

Where software, either malware or an attacker, escapes from one VM to the underlying OS.

Answer 33

VM escape