21st Century W3-4 Flashcards
mirrors human existence. It exudes the
realities and truths of life encrypted in every letter and
symbol of the texts.
LITERATURE
offers an experience to dwell
in its very essence and to build the mind and character
of the person connected to the universal truths.
reading a literary text
elevates the spirit by bringing out
moral values in any genre of a literary composition that
conforms to the manner, forms and styles.
good literature
literature is divided into :
PROSE and POETRY
they differ in form, structure and style, but
both deliver themes relatable to life
experiences.
PROSE and POETRY.
FORM of prose
Written in paragraph form
FORM of poetry
Written in stanzas or verse form
LANGUAGE of prose
Expressed in ordinary form (common language) or straightforward manner
formal and applies grammar rules
LANGUAGE of poetry
Expressed in metrical, rhythmical, figurative language and
imaginative tone
informal and applies poetic license
APPEAL of prose
Appeal to the reader’s intellect and makes the readers think
APPEAL of poetry
Awaken the reader’s emotion / more on emotions
AIM of prose
To convince, reflect, instruct, inform and educate the learner
AIM of Poetry
To stir the imagination and set an idea of how life should be
THEMES of poetry and prose
Prose has more themes (novels, stories, series).
→ Themes in Prose can be used in Poetry. However,
Prose is longer than Poetry; therefore, Prose have more themes.
the oldest form of literature.
POETRY
our ancestors even recited lines of verse having
aesthetic qualities.
POETRY
contains rhythm, sound pattern, and meter.
words are played with rhythm to show creativity and
style (uses 5 senses — imagery).
POETRY
ELEMENTS OF POETRY (IRSDL)
Imagery
Rhythm
Sound
Density
Line
one of the essential elements of poetry that give the
reader the totality of the poem.
IMAGERY
the writer shows what the poem is all about and not
just merely tells the words.
IMAGERY
powerful imageries in the poem are used to make it
appealing to the senses of the reader.
IMAGERY
is in the form of words, images, and symbols.
IMAGERY
refers to the sound pattern and the arrangement of
words that make up the poem.
RHYTHM
____ is easier if it is a song.
RHYTHM
in poetry, it is based on syllables.
RHYTHM
refers to how the poem sounds like when read.
SOUND
Sound is divided into 2
euphony and cacophony
poems that sounded soft
and melodious.
set by / with the presence
of letters that are soft when
spoken. (f, h, l, m, n, etc.)
gives calmness and peace
EUPHONY
poems that sounded
brittle and stiff.
hard and cracking sounds
that are very noisy.
r, d, b, z, g (most letters
that are combined with r).
CACOPHONY
what distinguishes poetry from prose. this is the ability to say little and mean much through the use of metaphors and nonconformity with traditional grammar styles.
DENSITY
incorporating sounds and rhythm also allows this element to emerge.
DENSITY
how much is said in how little of space.
DENSITY
symbols who have stories
behind them.
CONCRETE POEMS
stop, end, finished, could mean death.
Period(.)
continuation, not yet the end, another
part of the story, “life goes on, do not lose hope.”
Ellipsis(…)
attended the University of the Philippines, but he was suspended in 1929 after publishing a series of erotic poems, titled “Man-Song.
Also the author of the emperor’s new sonnet inspired by emperor’s new clothes
Jose Garcia Villa
A very important part of poetry. An element that makes it unique to prose. In poetry it is like sentence in prose; however, we are
not obliged to put a period since poetry does not adapt to strict grammar rules.
LINE
a group of lines that separate ideas in a
poem; they act like paragraphs.
Stanza
3 types of poetry(LND)
Lyrical
Narrative
Dramatic
3 types of poetry(LND)
Lyrical
Narrative
Dramatic
expresses powerful emotion and feelings through
musical verse.
Is a kind of poem that uses rhyme, meter or literary
devices to create a song-like quality.
examples are : Ode, Sonnet, Elegy, and a Song.
LYRIC POETRY
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
formal, often ceremonious lyric poem that addresses
and often celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea. Its stanza forms vary
Ode
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
It is a public poem, usually set to music, that
celebrated athletic victories
The Greek or Pindaric Ode( 552–442 B.C.E.)
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
fourteen-line (14) poem written in iambic
pentameter, employing one of several rhyme schemes,
and adhering to a tightly structured thematic
organization.
Sonnet
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or
unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable.
IAMBIC PENTAMETER
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
A form of poetry in which the poet or speaker
expresses grief, sadness, or loss.
Elegy
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
The elements of a traditional elegy mirror three (3)
stages of loss.
Lament(grief and sorrow)
Praise and admiration
Consolation and solace
First, there is a lament, where the speaker expresses
grief and sorrow. Then, praise and admiration of the idealized dead and finally consolation and solace.
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
An expression of a poet’s personal emotions, meant to
be sung.
Song
UNDER LYRIC POETRY
Lyrics in a song contain verses (lines that make up a
song; sung poem) and a chorus (a repeating verse in a
song (refrain).
Song
Narrates a detailed story about life and events that
might be true or imaginary.
Is quite long and descriptive written in metered verse.
Does not need rhythmic schemes.
Examples are : Epic, Ballad and Metric Tale
NARRATIVE POETRY
● narrates a detailed story about life and events that
might be true or imaginary.
● is quite long and descriptive written in metered verse.
● does not need rhythmic schemes.
● examples are : Epic, Ballad and Metric Tale
NARRATIVE POETRY
UNDER NARRATIVE POETRY
long narrative poem recounting heroic deeds
○ example : Hinilawod
EPIC
UNDER NARRATIVE POETRY
Popular narrative song passed down orally.
-in the English tradition, it usually follows a form of
rhymed (abcb) quatrains alternating four-stress and
three-stress lines.
Ballad
UNDER NARRATIVE POETRY
-A type of poem which follows a narrative format;
featuring characters, a plot, setting and a theme.
○ conveys practical, apparent and straightforward
storylines of either real or fictional event.
○ topics vary from romance, the quest for adventure,
love, and various phases of life.
○ examples : Aliguyon
Metric Tale
Is known as dramatic verse.
● this literary art is written in blank verse that tells a story
and connects the readers through emotions.
● suggests a story, but there is more emphasis on
character rather than on the narrative.
● examples : soliloquy, monologues, closed drama
(tragedy, comedy, melodrama or farce), & rhyme verse.
DRAMATIC POETRY
UNDER DRAMATIC POETRY
a lengthy speech given to oneself when alone.
Soliloquy (suh·li·luh·kwee)
UNDER DRAMATIC POETRY
a lengthy speech in the presence of co-performers.
Monologue
UNDER DRAMATIC POETRY
when it was a romantic story with a
happy ending, it was not romance.
COMEDY
UNDER DRAMATIC POETRY
If it’s more on musical performance.
OPERA
UNDER DRAMATIC POETRY
If it’s more drama with musical
performances.
MUSICAL DRAMA
UNDER DRAMATIC POETRY
If it’s serious; solemnly .
MELODRAMA
UNDER DRAMATIC POETRY
If it has a sad ending.
TRAGEDY
UNDER DRAMATIC POETRY
If it’s exaggerated humor and silly jokes.
FARCE
●Is any written or spoken language that is naturally used
without metrical or rhythmic structure unlike the
traditional poetry.
● applies the ordinary form of the language that is easily
understood by the readers.
● prose is written in paragraph form; most of this type is
informative and entertaining in nature.
PROSE
GENRES OF THE EARLY PERIOD IN LITERATURE
FOLKSONGS
PROVERBS
RIDDLES
TALES
EPICS
literature during this period is per se was governed by almost similar styles such as being educational and mythological.
● it was primarily oral as it was spoken, recited and sung
and it revolves around typical themes of fantasy and
positivism.
● publication of any literature was something of a tedious
work as there were no printing machines, computer or
even internet.
● Early literature — written manually in scrolls and lots of
papers and the reproduction of such is strenuous.
Early Literary Genres
UNDER GENRES OF THE EARLY PERIOD
They are traditional songs of our
ancestors that have been passed down from one
generation to another.
○ example : Dandansoy, Ili-Ili Tulog Anay
FOLKSONGS
UNDER GENRES OF THE EARLY PERIOD
Are simple and traditional sayings that give us nuggets of wisdom.
○ example : Ang indi magbalikid sa ginhalinan,
indi maka-abot sa padulungan.
PROVERBS
UNDER GENRES OF THE EARLY PERIOD
Playful statements or questions having an
obscure meaning intended to be answered or solved.
○ example : Isa ka hari, may panapton nga
nanari-sari.
RIDDLES
UNDER GENRES OF THE EARLY PERIOD
re stories that generally talked about how
one thing came to be.
TALES
UNDER GENRES OF THE EARLY PERIOD
Are long-narrative poems about the heroic
deeds, adventures, and even misfortunes of a hero.
○ example : Hinilawod
EPICS
GENRES OF 21st CENTURY LITERATURE (HTS)
Hyperpoetry
Textula
Spoken Word
UNDER GENRES OF 21st CENTURY LITERATURE
is also called as cyber poetry.
cannot serve its purpose without the use of computer.
type of digital poetry that uses links using hypertext.
HYPERPOETRY
UNDER GENRES OF 21st CENTURY LITERATURE
initially started by Frank Rivera.
is a new trend where a one or two-stanza poem is
written in a text message format.
this mobile phone poetry has a rhythmic scheme of
aabb, abab, abba.
TEXTULA
UNDER GENRES OF 21st CENTURY LITERATURE
is a type of poetry that is geared to be performed
onstage for an audience rather than merely exist in
print somewhere for others to read.
Its characteristic of being created to be performed for
an audience makes it a subset of the art of poetry.
Spoken Word
TYPES OF FICTION
CHICK LIT
FLASH FICTION
SPECULATIVE FICTION
NOVEL
SHORT STORY
A creative literary work of an author that is imaginary.
● the events, people, or places are pure products of the
writer’s mind
FICTION
Refers to a literary piece written by
women authors, about women, and intended for women
to read. It tackles about issues regarding women.
CHICK LIT
Is a fictional literary work that is
brief in form. Typically, flash fiction is written under
1500 words.
FLASH FICTION
Is a literary fiction encompassing genre with futuristic, supernatural and imaginative themes.
SPECULATIVE FICTION
Refers to imaginative stories published as a
book. It is relatively long narrative written in prose.
NOVEL
A work of fiction that is shorter than
a novel, and usually deals with only few characters.
SHORT STORY
TYPES OF CREATIVE NONFICTION
BIOGRAPHY
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
NEWS
ANECDOTE
ESSAY
TYPES OF CREATIVE NONFICTION
BIOGRAPHY
A life story of a person written by
someone else.
BIOGRAPHY
An account of the author’s own
life written by himself.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Substantial and significant information about
recent happenings.
NEWS
An interesting and amusing detailed
write-up about a real life incident that took place.
ANECDOTE
A brief form of writing that interprets a
specific topic or subject matter.
ESSAY
A combination of three platforms:
online website, movie/video, and book.
DIGI-FICTION
First created by Justin Hall in 1994, the
Links.net. Weblog or blog is an informative webpage
presenting random topics.
BLOG
A term used for all published comic books
originated from Japan.
MANGA
A term used for all published comic books
originated from Japan.
MANGA
Differs from the typical
books because it is read from right to left.
JAPANESE MANGA
A narrative work made up of
comic content; a complete story presented as a book.
GRAPHIC NOVEL
a literary genre that is
composed of almost 50% illustrations and images.
ILLUSTRATIVE NOVEL
