21st Century Literature Flashcards
__________ operates on the idea
that any literary text is autonomous
- that is, it should be read as
something beyond the influence of
culture or society.
Formalism
▪ This means that good literature,
through competent language, renews
our perception of familiar things.
▪ In the poem, “The God We
Worship Live Next Door,” the
person defamiliarizes the gods by
making them powerless, human-like
and die like any human being.
Russian Formalism
(defamiliarization)
Victor Shklovsky
“Close Reading” – textual
reading that leaves out authorial
and other external influences
New Criticism
mistake
of reading a text based on the
author’s “intended” meaning.
Intentional Fallacy
mistake
of reading a text based on the
author’s “intended” meaning.
Intentional Fallacy
mistake
of reading a text through the
reader’s emotions.
Affective Fallacy
It is a critical approach that
relates the text to the larger,
wider structure through inter-
textual connections or repetitive
patterns.
Structuralism
He introduced the concepts of
language and parole.
Ferdinand de Saussure
26 November 1857–22February1913
Ferdinand De Saussure
Pertains to
the universal
structure of a
language
Langue
Consists of
specific
speech
utterances.
Parole
_____ ____ a German philosopher and scholar
who theorized about society and history.
➢ With his collaborator and fellow German
______ _____ they wrote books, articles, and
pamphlets declaring that all of history has been
a history of class struggles.
Karl Marx,Friedrich Engels,
He believed that society is based on an unjust
system that privileges capitalism over the working
class, and this system, because of capitalism’s
insatiable desire for profit, will inevitably
collapse.
➢Concerned with understanding the role of
power, politics, and money in literary text.
El Filibusterismo through a Marxist
lens, he/she will have to see how
social divisions are depicted in the
text, say, in the opening chapter
entitled “On the Upper Deck.
”
Marxism
The term
“Deconstructionism”
was coined by?
French
philosopher Jacques
Derrida.
“It rejects the binary
opposition of
Structuralism, thus shows
that
meaning is indefinite and
undecidable.
POSTSTRUCTURALISM: DECONSTRUCTION
New Historicism
MICHAEL FAUCALT
In this approach, history is nothing
but a narrative text that is
contaminated by people’s personal
biases, assumptions, etc., under the
influence of the culture to which they
belong.
New Historicism
In this approach,
a text was read
within a social
context.
In particular; it analyzes textual
representations from the
woman’s perspective like
stereotyping and
“objectification” of womanhood.
Feminism
Feminism
Simone de Beauvoir, Rosa Luxemberg, and Hannah Arendt
Imaginative awareness of
experience
❑ A specific emotional response
❑ Meaning, Sound, and Rhythm.
Poetry
It is an area of a city where poor
people live and the buildings are in
bad conditions.
Slum
It means to burn slightly.
Singe
It means to burn and damage the
surface of something with strong
and sudden heat.
Sear
