2.1.8 Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cytoskeleton? structure

A

an extensive network of protein fibres, in the cytoplasm

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2
Q

what are the two main types of protein fibres that make up the cytoskeleton?

A

microfilaments and microtubules (also intermediate filaments)

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3
Q

what are microfilaments? structure

A

microfilaments are solid strands that are mostly made of the protein actin.

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4
Q

what are microfilaments? function

A

these fibres can cause some cell movement and the movement of some organelles within cells by moving against each other

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5
Q

what are microtubules? structure

A

microtubules are tubular (hollow) strands that are mostly made of the protein tubulin.

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6
Q

what are microtubules? function

A

organelles and other cell contents are moved along these fibres using ATP to drive this movement

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7
Q

what are the three functions of the cytoskeleton?

A

-strengthening and support
-intracellular movement
-cellular movement

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8
Q

explain the strengthening and support function

A

the cytoskeleton provides the cell with mechanical strength, forming a kind of ‘scaffolding’ that helps to maintain the shape of the cell
it also supports the organelles, keeping them in position

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9
Q

explain the intracellular movement function

A

the cytoskeleton aids transport within cells by forming ‘tracks’ along which organelles can move
examples of this include the movement of vesicles and the movement of chromosomes to opposite ends of a cell during cell division

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10
Q

explain the cellular movement function

A

the cytoskeleton enables cell movement via cilia and flagella
these structures are both hair-like extensions that protrude from the cell surface and contain microtubules that are responsible for moving them

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11
Q

what is the overall function of the cytoskeleton?

A

the cytoskeleton provides mechanical strength to cells, aids transport within cells and enables cell movement

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12
Q

what are microfilaments made of?

A

actin

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13
Q

what are microtubules made of?

A

tubular

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14
Q

where are microtubules found?

A

in all eukaryotic cells

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15
Q

how are microtubules made?

A

made of α and β tubulin combined to form dimers, the dimers are then joined into protofilaments
thirteen protofilaments in a cylinder make a microtubule

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16
Q

how many protofilaments in a cylinder make a microtubule?

A

thirteen