2.1.7 Prokaryotic cells Flashcards
what are prokaryotes possessed of?
uni-cellular organisms, Eubacteria or Archea
what are eukaryotes possessed of?
animal, plant, fungi and protist (which is also uni-cellular)
what are Archea?
extremophiles
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes don’t have membrane bound. organelle
eukaryotes do
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? cell wall
prokaryotic cell has cross-linked peptidoglycan cell wall
eukaryotic has cellulose cell wall
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? ribosomes
E- large 80s ribosomes
P- small 70s ribosomes
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? nucleus
E- has nucleus
P- doesn’t have nucleus
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? slime capsule
E- no slime capsule present
P- slime capsule present around cell wall (maybe)
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? plasmids
E- no plasmids
P- may have plasmids
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? DNA location
E- DNA located within a nucleus
P- DNA contained within cytoplasm
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? DNA and proteins
E- DNA is associated with histone proteins and held on liner chromosomes
P- DNA is not associated with proteins and held on circular chromosomes
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? mesosomes
E- no mesosomes present
P- may have infolding of the cell membrane called mesosomes
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? respiratory enzymes
E- located within mitochondria
P- located in the plasma membrane
what is nucleoid function?
area within the cytoplasm where DNA is stored ALWAYS PRESENT
what is flagella function?
for locomotion
what is pilli function?
membrane projection, for attachment to cells and surfaces
involved in sexual reproduction
what is plasmid function?
small circular rings of DNA
what is circular DNA sometimes referred to? function
sometimes referred to as chromsome ALWAYS PRESENT
what is ribosome function?
site of protein synthesis ALWAYS PRESENT
what is slime capsule function?
additional protection
-It helps to protect bacteria from drying out and from attack by cells of the immune system of the host organism
what is mesosome function?
infolding of plasma membrane, associated with DNA during cell division and helps with formation of cell wall
what do plasmids contain?
they contain genes that can be passed between prokaryotes
what is infolding of the plasma membrane function?
may allow photonsynthesis or carry out nitrogen fixation
what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? size
E: up to 100 µm diameter
P: 0.5-5 µm
what is a fungi cell wall made of?
chitin -like cellulose but with nitrogen
