217 Final Flashcards
LABEL PICTURE Anatomy of hearing (look at 1st pic in study guide)
A: external auditory meatus B: cartilage C: tympanic membrane D:external E:middle F:inner ear G:malleus H:incus I: semicircular canals J: lateral K:posterior L: superior M: vestibular nerve N: facial nerve O: vestibulocochlear nerve P: cochlea Q: vestibule R: stapes S: auditory tube
What are the 3 structures of the ear?
outer, middle, inner ear, auditory pathways
The pinna is also known as the?
auricle
the eardrum is also known as the?
tympanic membrane
the ____ separates the middle ear from the outer ear
tympanic membrane
What is the resonating cavity that contributes to hearing?
external auditory meatus
What are the bones of the middle ear called?
ossicles
What are the 3 parts of the ossicular chain?
Malleus, incus, and stapes
Which is the largest of the ossicles?
malleus
the ____ contains the three smallest bones of the body
middle ear
the ____ and ____ are the two smallest muscles of the body
stapedius
tensor tympani
the sensors for balance and hearing are in the ____
inner ear
the _____ looks like a coiled snail shell
osseous cochlear labyrnith
the ______ has 4 rows of hair cells
organ of corti
what does the outer ear do?
collect the sound
what does the middle ear do?
matching Airborn signal
what does the inner ear do?
analysis of the signal
what does the auditory pathway do?
carries the signal
what does the cerebral cortex do?
interprets the signal
The inner ear contains both the _____ and ____
vestibular and auditory mechanisms
the ____ provides major input to the _____
The auditory mechanism provides major input to the proprioceptive system.
the ____ is responsible for the sense of ones body in space
proprioceptive system
Where does the initiation of electrical events occur?
cochlea
What are the 4 types of hearing loss?
conductive
sensorineural
fluctuating
mixed
what are 4 causes of conductive hearing loss?
middle ear infections
perforation of the eardrum
fixation of the ossicular chain
otosclerosis
If you have damage to the cochlea you would have what type of hearing loss?
Sensorineural
What is it called when the bones of our head vibrate in response to sound waves?
Bone conduction
____ is when sound circumvents the ear canal and eardrum and vibrates the middle ear bones directly.
bone conduction
What are three factors that contribute to decreased perception?
.loudness .background noise . attention .comprehension .familiarity
What are three factors that contribute to hearing loss?
. noise exposure .birth defect .age .disease . ear infection .accident
What is the term used to describe what happens when your brain recognizes and interprets the sounds around you?
Auditory processing
What are the five main problem areas associated with CAPD (central auditory processing disorder)?
. auditory figure-ground problems . auditory memory problems Auditory discrimination problems .auditory attention problems. .auditory cohesion problems
What are the names of the 6 cranial nerves that are important for speech and swallowing?
.Trigeminal V Facial VII .acoustic or vestibulocochelar nerve VIII .Glossopharyngeal IX Vagus X Hypoglossal XII
Lobes and Structures of the brain Labeling
(look at picture) M11
A. Central Sulcus B. Frontal Lobe C. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure D. Temporal Lobe E. Transverse Fissure F. Occipital Lobe G. Parietal Lobe
What area of the brain controls movements of the body?
primary motor cortex
____ controls facial neurons, speech and language comprehension. Located in left frontal lobe
Broca’s area
_____can comprehend speech but had decreased motor ability to speak/form words
Broca’s aphasia
The ____ is responsible for hearing
primary auditory cortex
The ___ interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via olfactory bulbs
primary olfactory cortex
____ is for language comprehension and is located in the left temporal lobe.
Wernicke’s Area
____ is when language comprehension is inhibited. Words and sentences are not clearly understood and sentence formulation may be inhibited or nonsensical.
Wernicke’s Aphasia
What are the 3 general functions of the nervous system?
Sensory
intergrative
motor
What is the CNS composed of?
brain
spinal cord
What is the PNS composed of?
peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
What are some different types of dysarthria? (4)
flaccid. .spastic .ataxic .hyperkinetic .hypokenetic .mixed
____ is a deficit in motor planning
apraxia
Cerebrovascular accidents and traumatic brain injuries can _________
cause damage to the nervous system.
12 pairs of cranial nerves by number / diagram
I. Olfactory II Optic III oculomotor IV trochelar V trigeminal VI abducens VII facial VIII vestibulecochlear IX glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Spinal Accessory XII Hypoglossal
ability to smell
. olfactory-
ability to see
.optic-
visual convergence and accommodation
.oculomotor-
rotates the eye down and out
.trochelar-
sensation to eye nose and face
.trigeminal-
sensations to the tongue and soft palate; muscles of the face and stapedius
.facial-
supplies lateral eye muscles
.abducens-
sensation to tonsils, pharynx, and soft palate; muscles of pharynx and stylopharyngeus
glossopharyngeal
sensation to ear, pharynx, larynx, viscera, muscles of pharynx larynx, tongue and smooth muscles of the vicera
vagus
muscles of pharynx, larynx, soft palate and neck
spinal accessory
strap muscles of neck, extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
hypoglossal
hearing and balance
acoustic
: Chewing process - grinding and crushing food; Preparing food for swallowing
Mastication
: Swallowing the food - complex process of moving bolus (ball of food/liquid) from pharynx into esophagus
Deglutition
How does infant oral pharyngeal structure differ from adult?
.oral cavity is smaller .larynx is elevated at birth .velum is relatively larger .hyoid elevated and relatively foward .no dentition in neonate
What are the four stages of mastication and deglutition?
.oral preparatory stage (Mastication)
.oral stage (propulsion of bolus)
.pharyngeal stage (pharyngeal swallow)
.esophageal stage (esophageal transit)
____ is the sense of smell
Olfaction
What are the 5 types of taste sensed by the tongue?
.salty .sweet .sour .bitter .umami
____ is; No known anatomical, physiological or neurological basis for a disorder
functional
2 types of functional disorders
.articulation disorders
.phonology disorders
____disorder is An anatomical, physiological, or neurological cause for a disorder
Organic
TYPE for:
.aparxia
Dysarthria
organic; Motor
TYPE FOR
.cleft palate/.
structural deficits due to trauma or surgery
other orofacial anomalies
organic; Structural
TYPE FOR
hearing impairment
organic;
Sensory/perceptual
Disorders of Speech/Language/Hearing Module
List three treatment strategies you learned about in this module–include the population, disorder, and strategy.
Metaphon Therapy/children k-5/asd
incidental teaching/ children/asd
Functional communication training (FCT)/children/asd
_____ is characterized by impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and unusual, repetitive, or severely limited activities and interests.
Autism
______ physical features may include a long and narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, and large testicles.
Fragile X
_______ is an umbrella term describing the range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)
____ is a disorder that has been associated with over thirty different features.
Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) i
Beginning in childhood individuals with ______ Start out not wanting to eat, small, when they hit childhood they are always hungry, causes those affected become constantly hungry, which often leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes
Prader Willi
_____ is the most common neural tube defect in the United States.
Spina Bifida
____is caused by abnormalities in parts of the brain that control muscle movements.
Cerebral Palsy
______ is a movement disorder that is chronic and progressive.
Parkinson’s disease
______ refers to a group of more than 30 inherited diseases that cause muscle weakness and muscle loss.
Muscular dystrophy
M15 More Disorders and Syndromes of Speech/Language/Hearing
List three treatment strategies you learned about in this module–include the population, disorder, and strategy.
Functional Communication Training (FCT)/ASD/children
Swallowing exercises /Cerebral Palsy/ any age
Listening Tube/Velocardiofacial Syndrome/ any age
Identify 1 thing that you learned from each module that you hope to retain as you become an SLPA:
Module 9: the anatomy of the ear
Module 10: the types of hearing loss
Module 11: the auditory nerves important for speech
Module 12: what Dysarthria is
Module 13: what Mastication and Deglutition are
Module 14:incidental teaching for ASD
Module 15:Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of more than 30 diseases
