2.1.6 The Cell Cycle Flashcards
Cells divide to…
Grow the body; repair cells
Cell cycle is…
The series of events that take place from when a cell is formed, and as it grows, until it divides into two daughter cells
G phases indicate…
Growth of organelle numbers and cell size overall
S phases indicate…
Synthesis of new DNA
Interphase consists of…
G1, S, G2
Step 1 of the cell cycle? (G1)
Growth, synthesis of proteins and new organelles (duplication); synthesis of new centrosomes starts
G1 checks for…
Cell size, nutrients, growth factors, DNA damage
If G1 actions are completed…
Cyclins produced and the cell moves into S phase
If G1 checklist not completed…
It enters the resting state and moves out of the cell cycle
G0 is used if…
Resting state; used if there is something wrong with the cell that cannot be repaired
It G0 cells can be repaired…
They reenter interphase
If G0 cells cannot be repaired…
They enter apoptosis
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
S phase consists of…
DNA synthesis, DNA repair, completion of centromere synthesis; duplication of all 46 chromosomes
DNA replication needs…
DNA helicase (unzip DNA); free DNA nucleotides (from food); DNA polymerase and DNA ligase (zip DNA back up); made during G1
G2 phase consists of… 4
Checking of duplicated chromosomes for error; makes any needed repairs; rapid growth; synthesis of molecules needed for cell division
G2 checkpoint checks for…
Cell size; DNA replication; DNA damage
If G2 is successful…
Cyclins produced and the cell moves into mitosis
Cells can enter G0 from…
G1 and G2
The cell cycle is controlled by…
Genes and cyclin protein checkpoints
Cancer is…
Mutation of gene that control cell division; out of control cell division
Genes involved in the occurrence of cancer are…
Proto-oncogenes; tumour-suppressor genes
