2.1.4 Enzymes

Question 1

What is a catalyst?

Answer 1

something that speeds up a reaction without being used up in it or changing the type of reaction.

Question 2

give an example of a chemical catalyst.

Answer 2

Ni, CuSO4, KmO4

Question 3

give an example of a biological catalyst.

Answer 3

enzymes such as Amylase, Pepsin, Catalase

Question 4

whatb are the differences between biological catalysts and chemical.

Answer 4

biological catalysts are reaction specific (active site) wheras chemical are not.
biological are high in molecular weight globular proteins, whereas chemical are simple inorganic molecules with low molecular weight.
chemical function with a wide range of temperature, pH or pressure whereas biological are intolerant to temp and pH change.

Question 5

what are the factors effecting biological catalysts

Answer 5

temp, pH, concentration of substrate + enzymes.

Question 6

what are Intracellular reactions

Answer 6

happen within the cells.
pH near 7
low concentration
acts on H202 which is a waste product--> h20 +0
used to kill pathogens.

Question 7

what are extracellular reactions

Answer 7

happens outside of cells,
high concentration
digests food
organisms rely entirely on extracellular reactions
amylase hydrolyses starch into maltose + trysin which breaks down protein molecules into peptides and amino acids.

Question 8

what is the lock and key hypothesis?

Answer 8

an enzymes active site is complementary in shape to the substrate in the same way a lock(enzyme) and key (substrate).

Question 9

what is denaturation?

Answer 9

a change in the tertiary structure of proteins such as enzymes, which means it no longer functions.
Thermal denaturation is usually irreversible, pH is often reversible.

Question 10

define temperature co-efficient

Answer 10

this is the ratio between the rates of that process at two different temperatures.