2.1.4 Acids Flashcards
What ion is released into the solution when an acid is added to water?
Hydrogen ion (H⁺)
The hydrogen ion is responsible for the acidic properties of the solution.
Define acid.
Proton donor
Acids increase the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution.
Describe the dissociation of a strong acid.
Full dissociation
Strong acids completely ionize in solution.
Define base.
Proton acceptor
Bases decrease the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution.
Which base is used to treat acid indigestion?
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide neutralizes stomach acid.
What are alkalis?
Bases that can dissolve in water to form aqueous hydroxide ions
Alkalis typically have a pH greater than 7.
What are amphoteric substances?
Substances that can act as acids and bases
Examples include water and amino acids.
What is formed when acids react with carbonate?
Salt, carbon dioxide, and water
The reaction produces gas as a byproduct.
What is a salt?
A compound formed when H⁺ of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or positive ion
Salts are typically ionic compounds.
What is formed when acids react with metal oxide?
Salt and water
This reaction typically involves a neutralization process.
What is formed when acid reacts with alkali?
Salt and water
This is a common neutralization reaction.
What is formed when acids react with metal?
Salt and hydrogen
The hydrogen gas is often released as bubbles.
Why are the products the same when acids react with alkali or metal oxides?
Both alkali and metal oxides are types of bases
This similarity leads to similar reaction products.
How are ammonium salts formed?
When acid reacts with aqueous ammonia
Ammonium salts are commonly used in fertilizers.
What are hydrated crystals?
A crystalline structure containing water
Hydrated crystals often have water molecules integrated into their structure.
What does anhydrous crystals mean?
Crystalline form that contains no water
Anhydrous compounds are often used as drying agents.
What does a dot formula indicate?
The amount of water present in a crystalline structure
For example, CuSO₄·5H₂O indicates five water molecules.
Write down the steps to carry out a titration.
- Use a pipette to measure the solution’s volume
- Add the solution to a conical flask and include an indicator
- Add the other solution to a burette and record the volume
- Slowly add from the burette to the conical flask while swirling
- Stop when the end point is reached
- Repeat until concordant results are obtained
Titration is a quantitative analytical method to determine concentration.
What is the colour of methyl orange in an acid, base, and at the endpoint?
- Acid: Red
- Base: Yellow
- Endpoint: Orange
Methyl orange is a pH indicator commonly used in titrations.
