2.1.4 Acids

Question 1

give the formula of hydrochloric acid + type of salt it forms

Answer 1

• HCl
• chloride

Question 2

give the formula of sulfuric acid + type of salt it forms

Answer 2

• H2SO4
• sulfide

Question 3

give the formula of nitric acid + type of salt it forms

Answer 3

• HNO3
• nitride

Question 4

give the formula of ethanoic acid + type of salt it forms

Answer 4

• CH3COOH
• ethanoate

Question 5

give the formula of sodium hydroxide

Answer 5

NaOH

Question 6

give the formula of potassium hydroxide

Answer 6

KOH

Question 7

give the formula of ammonia

Answer 7

NH3

Question 8

what differentiates an acid from an alkali

Answer 8

• acids release H+ ions in aqueous solutions as protons
• alkalis release OH- ions in aqueous solutions

Question 9

what is the difference between a strong and weak acid

Answer 9

• a strong acid releases all of its hydrogen atoms into the solution and completely dissociates in aqueous solution
• weak acid partially dissociates in aqueous solutions and only releases small amounts of hydrogen atoms

Question 10

define a base

Answer 10

• base neutralises an acid to form a salt

Question 11

define an alkali

Answer 11

• a base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution

Question 12

define neutralisation

Answer 12

• in neutralisation , the H+ ions from an acid react with a base to form a salt + neutral water
  > the H+ ions from acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions from the base

Question 13

acid + alkali —>

Answer 13

acid + alkali —> salt + water

Question 14

acid + metal oxide —>

Answer 14

acid + metal oxide —> salt + water

Question 15

acid + metal hydroxide —>

Answer 15

acid + metal hydroxide —> salt + water

Question 16

acid + metal carbonate —>

Answer 16

acid + metal carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 17

what is a titration

Answer 17

• a technique used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with another solution

Question 18

what can titrations be used for

Answer 18

• finding concentration of a solution
• identification of unknown chemicals
• finding the purity of a substance

Question 19

what is a standard solution

Answer 19

• a solution of known concentration
  > a volumetric flask is used to make up a standard solution very accurately

Question 20

what is an acid-base titration

Answer 20

• when a solution of an acid is titred against a solution of a base using a pipette and burette

Question 21

what is the end point of a titration identified by

Answer 21

• an indicator