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Chem Module 2 > 2.1.4 Acids > Flashcards

2.1.4 Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid

A
  • proton donors
  • contains hydrogen in it
  • when dissolved in water, the acid release H+ ion in to the solution
    Eg HCl + H2O —> H+ + Cl-
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2
Q

What is a strong acid and give an example

A

When the acid release all its hydrogen atoms into the solution as H+ ions and completely dissociates In an aqueous solution
Eg hydrochloric acid HCl
HCl —> H+ + Cl-

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3
Q

What is a weak acid and give an example

A

When the acid release a small proportion its available hydrogen atoms into the solution as H+ ions and !partially dissociates! In an aqueous solution
Eg ethanoic acid CH3COOH
CH3COOH <=> H+ + CH3COO-
(Equilibrium indicates incomplete reaction)

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4
Q

What are examples of bases

A
  • metal oxide
  • metal hydroxide
  • metal carbonate
  • ammonia
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5
Q

What is a base and What does a base do

A

It is a proton accepter, It neutralises an acid to form a salt

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6
Q

What is an alkali and give an example

A

Metal hydroxide
It’s a base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution
Eg NaOH + H2O —> Na+ + OH-

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7
Q

Dissociation in sulphuric acid

A

Sulfuric acid initially only loses one of its h atoms so behaves as a strong acid but then behaves as a weak acid. This can be seen as a similar process in other acids containing more than one hydrogen.
Eg H3PO4 —> H+ + H2PO4-
H2PO4- —> H+ + HPO4-2
HPO4-2 —> H+ + PO4-3

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8
Q

What can titration be used for?

A
  • Finding the concentration of a solution
  • Identification of unknown chemicals
  • Finding the purity of a substance
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9
Q

How much is the volumetric flask filled?

A

The bottom of the meniscus of the liquid should be touching the graduation

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10
Q

What is the uncertainty of the burette?

A

0.05cm³

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11
Q

Equation and name of salt for MgO + HCl

A

MgO + 2HCl —> MgCl2 + H2O
Magnesium chloride

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12
Q

What is an acid salt?

A

When one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a metal ion, but the other hydrogen atom can still behave as an acid

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13
Q

How To carry out a titration

A
  • Using a pippet measure 25cm³ of a solution and add it to a conical flask with an indicator
  • Add other solution into a burette till zero
  • slowly open the tap while swirling the flask until the colour change slows down
  • add drop by drop until endpoint is reached
  • repeat until concordant results (0.1cm3)
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14
Q

How to prepare a standard solution

A
  • Weigh the solid accurately
  • dissolve in distilled water in a beaker
  • pour into a flask rinsing the beaker with more distilled water making sure to fill till exactly the graduation line for accuracy
    (view at meniscus at eye-level)
  • invert flask several times for consistency
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15
Q

What happens in a neutralisation reaction?

A

The H ions react with a base to form a salt and water
Hydrogen in the acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion to form a salt
CuO + H2SO4 —> CuSO4 + H2O

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16
Q

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide react, what is the salt?

A

Sodium chloride

17
Q

Sulphuric acid and copper oxide react what is is the salt formed

A

Copper sulphate

18
Q

Nitric acid and calcium carbonate react, what is the salt?

A

Calcium nitrate

19
Q

Ethanolic acid and ammonia react what is the salt?

A

Ammonium ethanoate

20
Q

Equation and name of salt for NaOH + H2SO4

A

2NaOH + H2SO4 —> Na2SO4 + 2H2O

21
Q

Equation and name of salt for ZnCO3 + HNO3

A

ZnCO3 + 2HNO3 —> Zn(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
Zinc nitrate

22
Q

Equation and name of salt for NaOH + CH3COOH

A

CH3COONa + H2O

23
Q

Right equations for partial and complete neutralisation of carbonic acid with sodium hydroxide

A

H2CO3 + NaOH —> NaHCO3 + H2O
H2CO3 + 2NaOH —> NaCO3 + 2H2O

24
Q

Acid + metal carbonate =

A

Salt + H2O + CO2

25
Q

Full equation: HCl + NaOH —> NaCl + H2O
What is the ionic equation?

A

H+ + OH- —> H2O
CL is a spectator ion

26
Q

Acid and metal

A

Salt and hydrogen

27
Q

What are the main acids?

A

HCl hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 sulphuric acid
HNO3 nitric acid
CH3COOH ethanoic acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid

28
Q

What are the common alkalis?

A

NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
NH3 ammonia

29
Q

What does the dot formula indicate?

A

The amount of water present in a crystalline structure

30
Q

what is the systematic name of?SnCl2

A

Cl-1 x 2 = -2 Sn = +2 so II
Tin(II) chloride

31
Q

How to work out percentage uncertainty given the initial and final readings

A
  1. Work out the difference (=the titre)
  2. Divide the uncertainty by the titre
  3. X by 2 as there’s 2 values which go wrong
  4. X by 100 for a percentage
32
Q

What do the the Roman numerals in the name of a compound represent

A

The charge of the ion they are next to

Chem Module 2 (7 decks)

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