2.1.3 Changes Over Time in the Economic Charateristics of a Place Flashcards
What are the four sectors of the economy?
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary
What is the Primary sector?
The part of the economy concerned with the collection and use of natural resources.
What is the Secondary sector?
The manufacturing or industrial sector- the part that processes resources into goods people want.
What is the tertiary sector?
The sector that enables goods to be traded, sometimes called producer services.- includes wholesaling, retailing, banking, finance, entertainment etc
What is the Quaternary sector?
Research and development, and the knowledge economy, including IT, education and the process of information.
What is the Clarke-Fisher model?
A model to show the changing balance of employment over time
In some versions of the Clarke Fisher model there are different stages. What are they?
Pre industrial phase
Industrial Phase
Post industrial Phase
Explain what occurred in Britain in the pre industrial phase in the Clarke Fisher model?
Primary sector lead the economy and employed 2/3 of the population. Agriculture the most important activity.
Explain what occurred in Britain in the industrial phase in the Clarke Fisher model?
Secondary and tertiary sectors increase in importance. Primary sector declines. Secondary sector peaks during this phase but rarely provided jobs for half the workforce.
Explain what occurred in Britain in the post industrial phase in the Clarke Fisher model?
Tertiary sector becomes most important. Primary and secondary continue to decline. Quaternary sector begins to appear.
What are the faults of the Clarke Fisher model?
It may not work in the same way for developing countries which may bypass some of the model.
What is GNI?
Gross National Income is the total value of goods and services produced within a country (Gross Domestic Product) plus net income received from overseas.
Why did the primary sector decline after the post industrial phase?
Mechanisation
Exhaustion of resources
High cost of production in HIC’s vs low cost in LIC’s
Cheap imports because of lower: Safety standards / wages
Cheaper transport costs in larger modern vessels
What changes took place in the secondary sector and why?
Initially rises – industrialisation
Falls - High cost of production in HIC’s vs low cost in LIC’s
Cheap imports because of lower: Safety standards / wages
Cheaper transport costs in larger modern vessels
Why did the tertiary sector grow in the post industrial phase?
Urban dwellers need more services
Growth of wealth in cities sees growth of leisure sector
Increased wealth so growth of banking sector