211 Unit #6 Flashcards
what is parametric tests and what level of measurement do they use
draw conclusions about a population with parameters by using sample data; used for interval and ratio
three types of parametric tests for testing relationship s
- Pearson’s Correlation (r)
- Multiple regression
- Canonical Correlation
What is pearson’s correlation (r) and what variables are used in it
how two variables relate to each other- 1 IV and 1 DV; interval and ratio
what is multiple regression
2 or more IVs (interval or ratio) and 1 DV (interval or ratio)
what is canonical correlation
2 or more IV’s (at any level of measurement) are correlated with two or more DVs (at any level of measurement)
what are two types of parametric test for testing differences
T-test
F-test
Describe T-tests and the difference between independent and dependent t-tests
tests to determine the difference in the means of two groups. independent tests two different groups; dependent tests the same group at two different times
describe F-test anova
difference between means in two or more groups/ Manova is an anova with multiple DVs; repeated measures is difference in measurement over time
What is nonparametric tests and what level of measurement do they use
draw conclusions from sample data at the nominal or ordinal level
Non-parametric tests for testing relationships
Spearmans Rho- 1 IV and 1 DV at ordinal level
Non-parametric tests for testing differences
Chi Square
Mann-Whitney U test for ranks
Describe chi square
difference in means; tests 2 or more groups with 6 diff. occurances; has to be @ nominal level
Describe Mann-Whitney U
must have two independent groups where the IV is nominal and the DV is ordinal
Frank Fitness found a correlation coefficient of –.74 between hours of strenuous exercise each week and a standard measure of body mass. He interprets this to mean that there is a ______ and ______ relationship between hours of strenuous exercise and body mass.
Select one:
a. strong; positive
b. strong; negative
c. weak; negative
d. weak; positive
b. strong; negative
What statistical test would be the most appropriate to answer the following research question?
What is the relationship between increased intracranial pressure and oxygen levels?
Select one:
a. Pearson Correlation
b. ANOVA
c. Chi-Square
d. T-test
a. Pearson Correlation
Which statistical test would be the most appropriate to answer the following research question?
Above the knee amputees and non-amputees were compared for a history of diabetes.
Select one:
a. Chi-Square
b. ANOVA
c. T-test
d. Pearson Correlation
a. Chi-Square
Which statistical test would be the most appropriate for the following research question?
What is the difference between mental status scores for clients with dementia (Group 1) and those for clients with confusion from dehydration (Group 2)?
Select one:
a. ANOVA
b. T-test
c. Pearson Correlation
d. Chi-Square
b. T-test
You conducted a study to determine whether moral distress in nurses is associated with their intention to quit. You accessed a sample of 100 nurses and you asked them if they had experienced moral distress in their work during the past year (YES or NO), and if they had thought of quitting their job (YES or NO). What would be the most appropriate test to analyze your data?
Select one:
a. Pearson’s r Correlation
b. Chi-Square test
c. Linear Regression Analysis
d. ANOVA
b. Chi-Square test
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Select one:
a. Spearman’s rho can be used to measure the association between 2 variables that are not normally distributed.
b. Pearson’s r measures the association between 2 ordinal level variables.
c. A chi square statistic can only be calculated if the observed frequency is less than 5.
d. Correlation co-efficients may range from 0 to +1.
a. Spearman’s rho can be used to measure the association between 2 variables that are not normally distributed.
What statistical test is most appropriate for the following research problem?
Clients with pain were given one of the following treatments: trans-cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, a placebo or routine care and then they were evaluated on a visual analogue pain scale.
Select one:
a. The t test
b. ANOVA
c. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient
d. Chi-square
b. ANOVA
What statistical test would you use to simultaneously test the difference between temperatures of four groups of subjects?
Select one:
a. independent t-test
b. dependent t-test
c. ANOVA
d. Chi-square
c. ANOVA ANOVA is used to test for difference between means and can examine data from tow or more groups simultaneously.
Correlation analysis allows the researcher to:
Select one:
a. Predict the effect of one variable on another variable
b. Determine the association between the two variables
c. Test for differences between means of two variables
d. Make causal inferences about the relationship between two variables
b. Determine the association between the two variables
A group of researchers wanted to know whether a group of individuals with chronic joint pain who took 1000 IU of Vitamin D were more likely to experience pain relief than a group of individuals whose pain was treated by a chiropractor. Pain was measured as a dichotomous variable (Yes or No). Would the Mann-Whitney U test be the best statistical test to answer this question?
Select one:
a. Yes, because a random sample was obtained.
b. Yes, because the test requires two independent groups.
c. No, because the dependent variable is measured at the nominal level.
d. No, because the dependent variable is normally distributed.
c. No, because the dependent variable is measured at the nominal level.
