211 Unit #6

Question 1

what is parametric tests and what level of measurement do they use

Answer 1

draw conclusions about a population with parameters by using sample data; used for interval and ratio

Question 2

three types of parametric tests for testing relationship s

Answer 2

• Pearson’s Correlation (r)
• Multiple regression
• Canonical Correlation

Question 3

What is pearson’s correlation (r) and what variables are used in it

Answer 3

how two variables relate to each other- 1 IV and 1 DV; interval and ratio

Question 4

what is multiple regression

Answer 4

2 or more IVs (interval or ratio) and 1 DV (interval or ratio)

Question 5

what is canonical correlation

Answer 5

2 or more IV’s (at any level of measurement) are correlated with two or more DVs (at any level of measurement)

Question 6

what are two types of parametric test for testing differences

Answer 6

T-test

F-test

Question 7

Describe T-tests and the difference between independent and dependent t-tests

Answer 7

tests to determine the difference in the means of two groups. independent tests two different groups; dependent tests the same group at two different times

Question 8

describe F-test anova

Answer 8

difference between means in two or more groups/ Manova is an anova with multiple DVs; repeated measures is difference in measurement over time

Question 9

What is nonparametric tests and what level of measurement do they use

Answer 9

draw conclusions from sample data at the nominal or ordinal level

Question 10

Non-parametric tests for testing relationships

Answer 10

Spearmans Rho- 1 IV and 1 DV at ordinal level

Question 11

Non-parametric tests for testing differences

Answer 11

Chi Square

Mann-Whitney U test for ranks

Question 12

Describe chi square

Answer 12

difference in means; tests 2 or more groups with 6 diff. occurances; has to be @ nominal level

Question 13

Describe Mann-Whitney U

Answer 13

must have two independent groups where the IV is nominal and the DV is ordinal

Question 14

Frank Fitness found a correlation coefficient of –.74 between hours of strenuous exercise each week and a standard measure of body mass. He interprets this to mean that there is a ______ and ______ relationship between hours of strenuous exercise and body mass.

Select one:

a. strong; positive
b. strong; negative
c. weak; negative
d. weak; positive

Answer 14

b. strong; negative

Question 15

What statistical test would be the most appropriate to answer the following research question?

What is the relationship between increased intracranial pressure and oxygen levels?

Select one:

a. Pearson Correlation
b. ANOVA
c. Chi-Square
d. T-test

Answer 15

a. Pearson Correlation

Question 16

Which statistical test would be the most appropriate to answer the following research question?

Above the knee amputees and non-amputees were compared for a history of diabetes.

Select one:

a. Chi-Square
b. ANOVA
c. T-test
d. Pearson Correlation

Answer 16

a. Chi-Square

Question 17

Which statistical test would be the most appropriate for the following research question?

What is the difference between mental status scores for clients with dementia (Group 1) and those for clients with confusion from dehydration (Group 2)?

Select one:

a. ANOVA
b. T-test
c. Pearson Correlation
d. Chi-Square

Answer 17

b. T-test

Question 18

You conducted a study to determine whether moral distress in nurses is associated with their intention to quit. You accessed a sample of 100 nurses and you asked them if they had experienced moral distress in their work during the past year (YES or NO), and if they had thought of quitting their job (YES or NO). What would be the most appropriate test to analyze your data?

Select one:

a. Pearson’s r Correlation
b. Chi-Square test
c. Linear Regression Analysis
d. ANOVA

Answer 18

b. Chi-Square test

Question 19

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Select one:

a. Spearman’s rho can be used to measure the association between 2 variables that are not normally distributed.
b. Pearson’s r measures the association between 2 ordinal level variables.
c. A chi square statistic can only be calculated if the observed frequency is less than 5.
d. Correlation co-efficients may range from 0 to +1.

Answer 19

a. Spearman’s rho can be used to measure the association between 2 variables that are not normally distributed.

Question 20

What statistical test is most appropriate for the following research problem?

Clients with pain were given one of the following treatments: trans-cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, a placebo or routine care and then they were evaluated on a visual analogue pain scale.

Select one:

a. The t test
b. ANOVA
c. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient
d. Chi-square

Answer 20

b. ANOVA

Question 21

What statistical test would you use to simultaneously test the difference between temperatures of four groups of subjects?

Select one:

a. independent t-test
b. dependent t-test
c. ANOVA
d. Chi-square

Answer 21

c. ANOVA ANOVA is used to test for difference between means and can examine data from tow or more groups simultaneously.

Question 22

Correlation analysis allows the researcher to:

Select one:

a. Predict the effect of one variable on another variable
b. Determine the association between the two variables
c. Test for differences between means of two variables
d. Make causal inferences about the relationship between two variables

Answer 22

b. Determine the association between the two variables

Question 23

A group of researchers wanted to know whether a group of individuals with chronic joint pain who took 1000 IU of Vitamin D were more likely to experience pain relief than a group of individuals whose pain was treated by a chiropractor. Pain was measured as a dichotomous variable (Yes or No). Would the Mann-Whitney U test be the best statistical test to answer this question?

Select one:

a. Yes, because a random sample was obtained.
b. Yes, because the test requires two independent groups.
c. No, because the dependent variable is measured at the nominal level.
d. No, because the dependent variable is normally distributed.

Answer 23

c. No, because the dependent variable is measured at the nominal level.