211 Unit #5

Question 1

What is reliability

Answer 1

How dependent, consistent, accurate and comparable the measurement is.

Question 2

What is stability

Answer 2

consistency of repeated measurements (reproducibility)

Question 3

What is equivalence

Answer 3

compare measures between two or more observers

Question 4

what is homogeneity

Answer 4

internal consistency- correlation of various items within the instrument- all items within a tool measure the same concept

Question 5

what are four measurement tools to measure homogeneity

Answer 5

1)item-to-total correlation
2split-half reliability
3)kuder-richardson coefficient (two options;Tor F, A or B, yes or no)
4)cronbachs alpha (likert)

Question 6

what is validity

Answer 6

whether a measurment instrument accurately measures what it is meant to.

Question 7

what are three types of validity testing?

Answer 7

content, criterion-related, construct

Question 8

what is content validity

Answer 8

represents the phenomena to be studied- determined by a panel of experts

Question 9

what is construct validity

Answer 9

represents the extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct- validates an underlying theory

Question 10

what is criterion validity

Answer 10

the relationship of the instrument to some already known external criterion

Question 11

what are the two types of criterion validity

Answer 11

predictive and concurrent

Question 12

what is predictive validity

Answer 12

the ability of the instrument to predict an individuals behaviour in the future

Question 13

what is concurrent validity

Answer 13

how well an instrument concurs with another instrument known to be valid

Question 14

what are two types of error

Answer 14

random and systematic

Question 15

what is random error

Answer 15

varies in any direction- reliability concern

Question 16

what is systematic error

Answer 16

constant error in the same direction- validity concern

Question 17

Why should the validity and reliability of study instruments be assessed while critiquing research reports?a. To determine the utility of the instruments for triangulation.

b. To assess the relationships between hypotheses and research questions.
c. To determine whether concepts and variables were measured adequately.
d. To assess whether the concept under study is being treated as a dependent variable or an independent variable.

Answer 17

c. To determine whether concepts and variables were measured adequately.

Question 18

The validity of a new instrument developed to measure peripheral neuropathy has been determined to be very high. What does this attribute mean?

Select one:

a. It is sensitive but not specific.
b. Its use results in minimal random errors.
c. It accurately measures peripheral neuropathy.
d. Determination of inter-rater reliability is unnecessary.

Answer 18

c. It accurately measures peripheral neuropathy.

Question 19

Which of the following characteristics describes an instrument that is administered repeatedly and obtains the same results?

Select one:

a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Consistency
d. Predictability

Answer 19

b. Reliability

Question 20

The reliability coefficient of a new instrument designed to measure anxiety is established at 0.86. What is the correct interpretation of this finding?

Select one:

a. High error variance; high reliability
b. High error variance; low reliability
c. Low error variance; high reliability
d. Low error variance; low reliability

Answer 20

c. Low error variance; high reliability

Question 21

A researcher developed an instrument to measure self-esteem and administered it to a group of individuals who were intravenous substance abusers and to a group of people who were not, expecting to see significant differences in scores between the two groups. How should this method of establishing construct validity be categorized?

Select one:

a. Convergent validity.
b. Discriminant validity
c. Contrasted-groups approach
d. Factor analysis

Answer 21

c. Contrasted-groups approach

Question 22

Testing of a new instrument demonstrates that it has a high degree of internal consistency. What does this mean?

Select one:

a. The instrument has low measurement error and high error variance.
b. The instrument is valid, but the reliability has yet to be determined.
c. The instrument is appropriate to measure a single concept.
d. More refinement of the instrument is needed before it can be applied

Answer 22

c. The instrument is appropriate to measure a single concept. Internal consistency or homogeneity reliability indicates that the items within the scale measure the same concept.

Question 23

Under what condition should a Kuder-Richardson (KR-20) coefficient be used to establish the internal consistency of an instrument?

Select one:

a. When questions or statements require a yes or no response
b. When questions are open-ended
c. When the instrument uses a Likert-type response scale
d. When the instrument is designed to measure more than one concept

Answer 23

a. When questions or statements require a yes or no response The KR-20 coefficient provides estimates of homogeneity used for instruments that have a dichotomous response format.

Question 24

What type of validity is demonstrated in measuring the cognitive knowledge of wound care by (1) administering a test in which all the items relate to wound care and (2) evaluating students’ performance in caring for patients with wounds in the clinical setting?

Select one:

a. Construct validity
b. Content validity
c. Criterion-related validity
d. Face validity

Answer 24

c. Criterion-related validity

Question 25

Under what condition should Cronbach’s alpha coefficient be used to establish the internal consistency of an instrument?

Select one:

a. When the instrument uses a Likert-type response scale.
b. When the instrument is designed to measure more than one concept.
c. When questions or statements require a yes or no response.
d. When questions are open-ended.

Answer 25

a. When the instrument uses a Likert-type response scale.

Question 26

The aspect of reliability for which inter-rater reliability is appropriate is:

Select one:

a. homogeniety.
b. internal consistency.
c. stability.
d. equivalence.

Answer 26

d. equivalence.