2.11 the Aufbau principle and the PTE Flashcards
Hund’s rule
lowest E configuratin for an atom is the one having the maximum number of paired e-‘s in a set of degenerate orbitals
as p+ are added to the nucleus to build up the elements, e- are similarly added to the hydrogenlike orbitals
the aufbau principle (aufbau = “building up”)
maximize spin
Hund’s rule
describe valence e-‘s
e-‘s in the outermost principle quantum level of an atom
the highest number (n) indicates the
valence e-‘s
why are valence e-‘s the most important e-‘s to chemists?
they are involved in bonding
what are the e-‘s that are not considered valence e-‘s?
core e-‘s
the same valence e- configuration can be found in elements sharing the same
group (vertical column of the PTE)
what elements would show similar chemical behavior?
elements with the same valence e- configuration
which elements have unexpected e- configurations
Cr (chromium)
Cu (copper)
Mo (molybdenum)
Ag (silver)
in order to _________ Cr, Cu, Mo and Ag have unexpected e- configurations
maximize spin
which series of elements occupy the f orbitals?
lanthanides and actinides
the group labels for groups 1A, 2A,…8A indicate what
the total number of valence e-‘s
the groups labeled 1A, 2A,…8A are often called
the main group or representative elements
