2.1.1 Structures of eukaryote cells

Question 1

Which type of microscope has a higher resolution?

Answer 1

An electron microscope

Question 2

What are the two types of microscopes?

Answer 2

Electron and light

Question 3

What does resolution relate to?

Answer 3

How clearly something can be seen - how defined it is.

Question 4

What are two different types of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Animal and plant cells

Question 5

How big are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

10-100 micrometres

Question 6

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Cells that have nuclei and other membrane bound organelles.

Question 7

What does the prefix ‘cyt’ relate to?

Answer 7

Cells

Question 8

Which 3 organelles of an animal cell can be seen under a light microscope?

Answer 8

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Question 9

Seen under a light microscope, what are the three different parts of a nucleus?

Answer 9

Nucleolus, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope.

Question 10

What is the difference between an envelope and a membrane?

Answer 10

An envelope is made up of two membranes.

Question 11

Which 7 organelles of a plant cell can be seen under a light microscope?

Answer 11

Middle lamella
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Question 12

What is the purpose of the middle lamella?

Answer 12

It is a sticky layer between two cell walls of plant cells, which helps to keep the plant cells stuck together.

Question 13

What is the scientific name for the name of the permanent vacuole membrane?

Answer 13

Tonoplast

Question 14

What is the vacuole sap of a plant cell made up of?

Answer 14

Storage tissue and sugars such as glucose - this comes from carbohydrates.

Question 15

What are the three parts of a nucleus of a plant cell, seen under a light microscope?

Answer 15

Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm

Question 16

What can all cells be described as? Why?

Answer 16

The basic units of life. All living organisms are made up of cells.

Question 17

How are new cells made? How is this possible?

Answer 17

New cells are made through DNA replication (binary fission, mitosis and meiosis). In order for this to be able to occur, all cells must contain DNA, RNA and organelles suspended in cytoplasm, so that they can replicate.

Question 18

What are enzymes the site of?

Answer 18

Metabolic reactions. Therefore they must have enzymes.

Question 19

Which processes do cells need energy for? (4)

Answer 19

DNA replication, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, cell division

Question 20

How is energy in cells made/processed?

Answer 20

Through respiration. Energy starts out as glucose, and then is processed by respiration mitochondria into ATP energy.

Question 21

What are the two types of cells and what do their names mean?

Answer 21

Prokaryote - ‘before’ a nucleus
Eukaryote - ‘true’ nucleus

Question 22

What are cell membranes?

Answer 22

They are phospholipid bilayers. (They’re made up of two layers of phosphorus - lipid molecules. They are also selectively permeable.

Question 23

Why do cells require membranes?

Answer 23

To contain contents of cells. They are also selectively permeable.

Question 24

What are organelles?

Answer 24

Sub cellular structures which are specialized to carry out a particular function.

Question 24

What are organelle membranes required for? (3)

Answer 24

They separate organelle function from the cytoplasm.
They increase SA for reactions.
They act as transport systems