2.11 Pharm: Diuretics Flashcards
MOA and use: Mannitol
Osmotic Diuretic
Acts at the descending thin limb
Draws in water by increasing the osmolarity
Use: Increase ur vol, Need to decrease ur vol without changing Na+ excretion, decrease intracranial and intraocularpressure
MOA and use of Acetazolamide
Inhibit Carbonic anhydrase at the brush border of PCT.
Decreases the amount of HCO3 that is reabsorbed.
Use: Altitude sickness, Metabolic Alkalosis, Glaucoma
ADR and CI of mannitol
Dehydration, HA, N/V
CI: HF, anuria, severe dehydration
ADR of acetazolamide
Metabolic acidosis ACID acetozolamine, Hyperchloremic, renal stones, K+wasting
MOA and Use Loop diuretics
Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl co transporter at the TAL, loops lose calcium
Use: CHF, Edema, hypercalcemia, HTN
ADR loop diuretics
Hypokalemic, alkalosis,ototoxicity, Hypomagnesium,
OH DANG: Ototoxicity, Hypomagnesia, Dehydration, allergy to sulpha, nephritis, gout
What to give if sulfa allergy?
Loop diuretic: Ethacrynic acid
MOA and use: Thiazide
NaCl inhibitor at DCT.
Decrease in diluting capacity, Decrease Ca+excretion
Use: HTN, GH, prevent recurrent stone formation, hypercalcuria, Nephrogenic DI
ADR of thiazide
Hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, weakness, fatigue, parestheia due to loss of Ca+
HyperGLUC: Hyperglycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia, sulfa allergy
CI of thiazide:
Hepatic cirrhosis, renal failure
MOA: K+Sparing diuretic: Spironlactone, eplerenone
MOA: Competes with aldosterone receptor antagonists in CCT
MOA: Triamterene and amiloride
K+Sparing diuretic: Block Na+ channels in CCT
Use of K+ sparing diuretics
Hypokalemia, CHF, Hyperaldosteronism
Spironlactone, eplerenone Use
HTN, Edema, Hepatic cirrhosis with ascites, Hirsutism use with Thiazide, B-Blocker vasodilator decrease K+ loss
ADR and CI of Spironlactone, eplerenone
Gynomastia, and GI sx
CI: Pregnancy
