2.1.1 Cell Structure Prokaryotes

Question 1

How big are prokaryotes generally

Answer 1

1-2 micrometers

Question 2

What is the cytoplasm’s function?

Answer 2

Since there are no membrane bound organelles, the cytoplasm contains all the enzymes needed for metabolic reactions

Question 3

What ribosomes do prokaryotes contain and what’s their function?

Answer 3

70S ribosomes - 18nm - protein synthesis

Question 4

DNA in the prokaryotic cell comes in which forms?

Answer 4

Long strand of circular DNA and not associated with any proteins
Plasmid DNA

Question 5

What can Plasmid DNA be used for

Answer 5

Very useful for genetic engineering

Question 6

What is a mesosome and what is its function?

Answer 6

A tightly folded region of the cell surface membrane containing all the membrane bound proteins required for aerobic respiration and ATP production

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Made of murein which is a glycoprotein

Question 8

What is the capsule and its function?

Answer 8

The capsule or slime layer is a thick polysaccharide layer used for sticking cells to each other, as a food reserve, as protection against desiccation, phagocytosis and other chemicals

Question 9

What is the pili and what is it’s function

Answer 9

Long protein rods that are concerned with cell to cell attachment and DNA transfer

Question 10

What is a flagella and its function

Answer 10

A rigid, rotating, helical shaped tail used for propulsion. Unlike the eukaryotic flagella has no microtubules so considered a simple structure