2.1.1 Atomic Structure and Isotopes

Question 1

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

Answer 1

Mass: 1
Charge: +1

Question 2

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 2

Mass: 1
Charge: 0

Question 3

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?

Answer 3

Mass: Nearly 0
Charge: -1

Question 4

Define Relative Isotopic Mass

Answer 4

The mass of an atom of a single isotope relative to ¹⁄₁₂ of a Carbon 12 isotope

Question 5

Define Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 5

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to ¹⁄₁₂ of a Carbon 12 atom

Question 6

What is a mass spectrometer?

Answer 6

A machine that will find the abundances of elements in an isotope sample

Question 7

What is the relative atomic mass (Mr) of H₂O?

Answer 7

18

Question 8

What is meant by an “ionic equation”?

Answer 8

An equation that only includes species (elements) that react.

Question 9

What is meant by a “spectator ion”?

Answer 9

An ion that does not change in a reaction. They should be removed from ionic equations.

Question 10

What is the method to form an ionic equation?

3 mark question

Answer 10

• Form an unbalanced symbol equation, using the elements and compounds (given in word form) in the question. State symbols should be included.
• Balance the symbol equation (1/3)
• Split aqueous (aq) compounds into their ions.
• Bring non-aqueous (aq) compounds down with the ions.
• Eliminate the ions that do not change (spectator ions) (2/3)
• Check that the final ionic equation is balanced (3/3)